Table 2.
Demographic and anthropometric data, biochemical and hormonal parameters, and IR, steatosis, and fibrosis indices (as continuous variables) of PCOS and control groups.
| Variables | PCOS Group (n = 47) |
Control Group (n = 40) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) § | 15.66 (2.49) | 14.81 (2.00) | 0.082 |
| Menarche (years) | 11.96 ± 1.41 | 11.68 ± 0.91 | 0.281 |
| Physical activity (h/w) § | 1.00 (5.00) | 2.00 (4.75) | 0.797 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.56 ± 5.28 | 23.14 ± 4.07 | 0.021 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.35 ± 10.44 | 113.00 ± 7.75 | 0.116 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 67.92 ± 10.35 | 66.30 ± 7.45 | 0.442 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 76.36 ± 10.23 | 72.71 ± 7.90 | 0.071 |
| Hip Circumference (cm) | 102.54 ± 10.21 | 97.20 ± 8.57 | 0.011 |
| Waist to height ratio | 0.47 ± 0.07 | 0.46 ± 0.05 | 0.196 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.744 ± 0.058 | 0.749 ± 0.068 | 0.704 |
| AST (U/L) § | 17.50 (6.00) | 16.00 (5.00) | 0.315 |
| ALT (U/L) § | 14.00 (10.00) | 13.00 (6.00) | 0.011 |
| GGT (U/L) § | 11.90 (8.00) | 10.00 (5.00) | 0.009 |
| ALP (U/L) § | 74.00 (27.00) | 82.00 (40.00) | 0.388 |
| TC (mg/dL) § | 148.50(28.00) | 146.50 (43.15) | 0.657 |
| LDLc (mg/dL) § | 84.00 (32.50) | 82.10 (34.70) | 0.984 |
| HDLc (mg/dL) | 53.38 ± 12.54 | 59.19 ± 11.76 | 0.039 |
| TG (mg/dL) § | 66.65 (41.00) | 59.00 (32.30) | 0.699 |
| Lpa (nmol/L) § | 14.50 (40.70) | 12.10 (15.25) | 0.380 |
| ApoB (mg/dL) § | 74.60 (21.00) | 55.00 (32.00) | 0.308 |
| ApoA1 (mg/dL) | 135.12 ± 19.11 | 141.83 ± 30.29 | 0.533 |
| VitD (ng/mL) | 26.13 ± 8.66 | 26.70 ± 7.76 | 0.790 |
| Glu (mg/dL) | 87.88 ± 7.48 | 83.37 ± 5.92 | 0.004 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) § | 11.80 (7.80) | 9.60 (6.50) | 0.066 |
| Ovarian volume (cm3) | 11.45 ± 3.71 | 5.52 ± 2.22 | <0.001 |
| G/I ratio § | 7.37 (5.15) | 8.58 (6.95) | 0.090 |
| QUICKI | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.006 |
| HOMA-IR § | 2.45 (1.63) | 1.88 (1.24) | 0.015 |
| LFS § | −1.56 (1.32) | −2.07 (1.21) | 0.019 |
| FLI § | 2.78 (22.82) | 0.44 (2.82) | 0.007 |
| HIS § | 35.46 (10.73) | 30.98 (6.33) | 0.004 |
| ALT/TG ratio § | 3.73 (2.49) | 3.12 (1.67) | 0.009 |
| Tomizawa index | 8.5% | 0% | 0.05 |
| VAI § | 0.92 (0.55) | 0.75 (0.65) | 0.239 |
| LAP | 16.62 ± 12.00 | 12.76 ± 8.05 | 0.078 |
| PCOS-HS | 0.48 ± 0.44 | 0.48 ± 0.46 | 0.998 |
| FIB-4 § | 0.24 (0.08) | 0.24 (0.11) | 0.178 |
| NFS | −4.53 ± 1.03 | −4.16 ± 1.31 | 0.411 |
| APRI § | 0.20 (0.09) | 0.18 (0.10) | 0.957 |
| BAAT | 2.1% | 0% | 0.353 |
| BARD | 92.5% | 97.2% | 0.357 |
| Fibroscan® stiffness (kPa) | 6.25 ± 1.55 | 6.87 ± 3.61 | 0.570 |
Abbreviations: IR, insulin resistance; h, hour; w, week; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lpa, lipoprotein (a); Apo A1, Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, Apolipoprotein B; VitD, 25-OH-vitamin D; Glu, fasting glucose; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; G/I ratio, glucose to insulin ratio; LFS, liver fat score; FLI, fatty liver index; HSI, hepatic steatosis index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; PCOS-HS, PCOS hepatic steatosis index; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; FIB-4, fibrosis score 4; NFS, NAFLD fibrosis score; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; APRI, AST to platelet ratio index. Values refer to mean ± standard deviation and t-test or § median (interquartile range) and Mann–Whitney U. Bold indicates statistically significant differences.