Figure 2.

Effects of nanohydroxyapatite particles on microstructures, mineral compositions, mechanical strength, and physical stability of the thermosensitive nanohydroxyapatite–2% (w/v) calcium carbonate microcapsule–10% (w/v) β-glycerophosphate–4:1 (w/w) chitosan/collagen hydrogel (nHA–CaCO₃–chitosan/collagen). (A–C) Scanning electron microscopy images and (D–F) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the freeze-dried hydrogels: (A,D) 2% nHA, (B,E) 5% nHA, and (C,F) 10% nHA. (G) Compressive strength and (H) degradation rates of the hydrogels. The * and ** symbols represent significantly different values with p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively (n = 5, mean ± SD).