Abbreviation	Word or phrase in full
AAs	amino acids
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ACL	ATP-citrate lyase
ACSL1	acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1
ACSS2	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2
AGPAT	acyl glycerol phosphate acyl transferase; lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase
ALA	α-linolenic acid
ARE	antioxidant response element
Arg	arginine
BAX	Bcl-2 associated X-protein
BCL2	B-cell lymphoma-2
BHBA	β-hydroxybutyrate
BTN1A1	butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1
CAT	catalase
CD36	CD36 molecule; fatty acid transferase
CLA	conjugated linoleic acid
CLD	cytoplasmic lipid droplet
CM	chylomicrons
CoA	coenzyme A
CUL3	cullin-3
DAG	diacylglycerol
DGAT	diacylglycerol acyltransferase
DHA	docosahexaenoic acid
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DPA	docosapentaenoic acid
ECM	extra-cellular matrix proteins
ELOVL	fatty acid elongase
EPA	eicosapentaenoic acid
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
FABP	fatty acid binding protein
FADS	fatty acid desaturase
FAs	fatty acids
FAS	fatty acid synthase
FATP	fatty acid transport protein
FECH	ferrochelatase
FFARs	free fatty acid receptors
FFAs	free fatty acids
FTH1	ferritin heavy chain 1
G6PDH	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GCLC	glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
GCLM	glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit
Glut1	glucose transporter1
glycerol-3-P	glycerol-3-phosphate
GPAM	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial
GPAT	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
GPX	glutathione peroxidase
GSH	glutathione
GSR	glutathione-disulfide reductase
GSTM1	glutathione s-transferase mu 1
HMOX1	heme oxygenase 1
HMSeBA	hydroxy-selenomethionine
IL	interleukin
INSIG	insulin-induced gene
KEAP1	Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1
LCFAs	long-chain fatty acids
LPA	lysophosphatidic acid
LPIN	lipin
LPL	lipoprotein lipase
MAPK14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14
MCFAs	medium chain fatty acids
MDA	malondialdehyde
ME1	malic enzyme 1
MECs	mammary epithelial cells
Met	methionine
MFD	milk fat depression
MFG	milk fat globule
mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acid
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NEFA	non-esterified FA
NFE2L2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2
NFKB	nuclear factor-kappa B
NQO1	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1
O2	oxygen
PA	phosphatidate
PIR	pirin
PLIN2	perilipin 2
PPARs	proliferator-activated receptors
PPARγ	proliferator-activated receptor γ
PPARγC1A	PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha
PUFAs	polyunsaturated fatty acids
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCD	stearoyl-CoA desaturase
SCFAs	short chain fatty acids
Se	selenium
SeMet	selenomethionine
SFAs	saturated fatty acids
SLC27A6	solute carrier family 27-member 6
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SREBF1	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1
SS	sodium selenite
TAGs	triglycerides
TALDO1	transaldolase 1
TFs	transcription factors
TNFA	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TXN	thioredoxin
UFAs	unsaturated fatty acids
VLDL	very-low-density lipoprotein
XDH	xanthine dehydrogenase