Table 3.

Functional properties of TCSs reported in UPEC section of this review.

TCS	Functional Characterization
EnvZ-OmpR	Sustenance of bacterial growth in urine; Promotion of UPEC ascension along the urinary tract
KguSR	Colonization of bladder; Regulation of metabolism and cell envelope constituents; Regulation of the c5032-5039 genomic island;
	Sensing of α-ketoglutarate in the urinary tract
CpxRA	Resistance to environmental stress; Regulation of HylA expression; Induction of urothelial exfoliation
BarA-UvrY	Colonization of the bladder and the kidneys; Invasion of urothelial cells; Induction of cellular cytotoxicity