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. 2023 Jan 9;24(2):1258. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021258

Table 2.

A summary of general advantages and limitations of metal complexes mentioned above.

Anti-Cancer and
Alzheimer’s Disease
Related Actions		 Advantages Limitations

  • Regulation of the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9

  • Anti-metastasis

  • Anti-angiogenesis

  • Anti-proliferative

  • Suppression of cell migration

  • Promotion of apoptotic process

  • Simplicity in synthesis

  • Effective at a small dose, in a short time

  • Higher cytotoxicity towards cancer cells with less side effects than cisplatin

  • Stronger MMPs inhibition than the hydroxamate-based MMPs inhibitors (GM6001)

  • Higher selectivity against towards cancer cells with less toxicity to normal cells

    (e.g., Ru(ThySMet) [90]; Fe complexes [84,119]; CPT8 [121]; [Cu(trp)2]2+ [82])

  • Under clinical trial (e.g., NAMI-A).

  • No significant damage or toxicity to the major organs

    (e.g., Ru complex [77,78]; Fe complexes [84,119])

  • Unclear detailed mechanisms of cytotoxicity

  • Some side effects

    (e.g., Ru(dip)2(bpy-2-nitroIm) [107])