| APTES | 3-Aminopropyltrietoxysilane |
| Bq | 1,4-benzoquinone |
| FMN | Flavin mononucleotide |
| HA | Humic acids |
| MNPs | Magnetite nanoparticles |
| NADH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt-reduced |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
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