Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the End-effector Group (RobotEND-group) and Exoskeleton Group (RobotEXO-group) at baseline (T0).
| Variable | RobotEND-Group (n = 30) | RobotEXO-Group (n = 31) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.03 ± 14.34 | 59.42 ± 15.51 | 0.2 |
| Sex | 0.9 | ||
| Male | 18 (60%) | 18 (58.06%) | 0.9 |
| Female | 12 (40%) | 23 (41.94%) | 0.8 |
| Stroke onset (days) | 33.30 ± 24.79 | 63.68 ± 49.92 | 0.2 |
| Affected side | 0.9 | ||
| Right | 17 (56.67%) | 11 (35.48%) | 0.1 |
| Left | 13 (43.33%) | 20 (64.52%) | 0.1 |
| Etiology | 0.2 | ||
| Ischemic | 27 (90%) | 26 (83.87%) | 0.1 |
| Hemorrhagic | 3 (10%) | 5 (16.13%) | 0.2 |
| 10 MWT (m/s) * | 0.53 ± 0.38 | 0.33 ± 0.37 | 0.1 |
| MI-LL [0; 100] | 48 [1; 76] | 43 [19; 84] | 0.4 |
| MAS-LL [0; 12] | 2 [0; 6] | 1.5 [0; 5] | 0.2 |
| 6 MWT (m) | 121 ± 88 | 83 ± 90 | 0.8 |
| TUG (s) | 23.38 ± 12.13 | 22.21 ± 16.20 | 0.9 |
| FAC [0; 5] | 2 [0; 5] | 1 [0; 4] | 0.8 |
| mBI [0; 100] | 48.5 [11; 75] | 45 [12; 81] | 0.6 |
Abbreviations: Number (n); End-effector Group (RobotEND-group); Exoskeleton Group (RobotEXO-group); 10-Meter Walk Test (10 MWT); 6-Minute Walk Test (6 MWT); Motricity Index of Lower Limb (MI-LL); Time Up and Go Test (TUG); Modified Ashworth Scale of Lower Limb (MAS-LL); Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC); Modified Barthel Index (mBI); T0: baseline assessment; T1: final assessment. Notes: data are reported as N (%), mean ± SD, median [MIN; MAX], and * indicates primary outcome.