Table 4.

Secondary analysis: clinical outcomes of the End-effector Group (RobotEND-group) and Exoskeleton Group (RobotEXO-group) are reported as changes (Δ = T1–T0) of functional outcomes and the corresponding one-way ANOVA values.

Variable	RobotEND-Group (n = 30)	RobotEXO-Group (n = 31)	One-Way ANOVA p-Value (F)
Δ10 MWT (m/s) *	0.4 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.3	0.0007 (F = 13)
ΔMI-LL [0; 100]	14 [0; 76]	16 [0; 51]	>0.1
ΔMAS-LL [0; 12]	−1 [−3; 0]	−0.5 [−3; 1.5]	>0.1
Δ6 MWT (m)	112 ± 11	71 ± 89	>0.1
ΔTUG (s)	−6.84 ± 12.11	−4.55 ± 10.66	0.08
ΔFAC [0; 5]	1 [0; 4]	1 [0; 3]	>0.1
ΔmBI [0; 100]	29 [0; 70]	23 [−12; 65]	>0.1

Abbreviations: Number (n); End-effector Group (RobotEND-group); Exoskeleton Group (RobotEXO-group); 10-Meter Walk Test (10 MWT); 6-Minute Walk Test (6 MWT); Motricity Index of Lower Limb (MI-LL); Time Up and Go Test (TUG); Modified Ashworth Scale of Lower Limb (MAS-LL); Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC); Modified Barthel Index (mBI); Δ = T1–T0. Notes: Significant p-values are reported in bold; data are reported as N (%), mean ± SD, median [MIN; MAX], and * indicates primary outcome.