. 2023 Jan 10;15(2):337. doi: 10.3390/nu15020337

Table 4.

Lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and area under the curve for lipoprotein subfractions for men at entry and after consumption of ground beef patties initially containing 6 g fat/patty (Low-fat) and 27 g fat/patty (High-fat) ¹.

Item	Entry	Washout	Low-Fat	High-Fat	p-Value
TG, mg/dL ²	111.4 ± 9.6	114.6 ± 10.9	110.1 ± 8.6	123.0 ± 11.1	0.058
TC, mg/dL	203.0 ± 8.2 ^a	197.4 ± 8.5 ^ab	191.5 ± 8.8 ^bc	188.5 ± 8.1 ^c	0.008
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	49.3 ± 2.0 ^a	47.6 ± 2.2 ^ab	46.0 ± 1.9 ^bc	45.4 ± 1.8 ^c	0.001
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	131.2 ± 8.1 ^a	126.9 ± 7.9 ^ab	123.6 ± 8.5 ^bc	118.5 ± 7.5 ^c	0.011
Total AUC	1920 ± 46 ^a	1844 ± 44 ^b	1815 ± 51 ^b	1811 ± 48 ^b	0.003
TRL AUC	150 ± 14 ^b	165 ± 18 ^ab	173 ± 17 ^a	159 ± 15 ^ab	0.050
Total LDL AUC	827 ± 34 ^a	772 ± 31 ^b	752 ± 34 ^b	746 ± 32 ^b	0.001
LDL₁ AUC	29 ± 1	28 ± 2	29 ± 2	30 ± 2	0.225
LDL₂ AUC	50 ± 3	48 ± 28	48 ± 3	48 ± 3	0.450
LDL₃ AUC	170 ± 11 ^a	159 ± 9 ^b	155 ± 12 ^b	152 ± 9 ^b	0.024
LDL₄ AUC	387 ± 25 ^a	354 ± 22 ^b	341 ± 24 ^b	341 ± 22 ^b	0.002
LDL₅ AUC	189 ± 15 ^a	181 ± 15 ^ab	178 ± 10 ^ab	173 ± 13 ^b	0.041
Total HDL AUC	942 ± 29 ^a	906 ± 25 ^b	884 ± 301 ^b	905 ± 28 ^b	0.003
HDL_2b AUC	225 ± 18 ^a	209 ± 174 ^b	211 ± 20 ^b	212 ± 18 ^ab	0.012
HDL_2a AUC	245 ± 11 ^a	230 ± 8 ^b	225 ± 11 ^b	234 ± 10 ^ab	0.007
HDL_3a AUC	278 ± 8 ^a	268 ± 5 ^ab	259 ± 7 ^b	264 ± 6 ^b	0.002
HDL_3b AUC	135 ± 4	133 ± 4	128 ± 4	130 ± 5	0.058
HDL_3c AUC	58 ± 1 ^b	64 ± 1 ^a	62 ± 1 ^a	64 ± 2 ^a	0.003

¹ Values are means ± SEM, n = 25 in a crossover design. ² AUC, area under the curve (unitless) of all lipid-rich fractions; TRL, triglyceride-rich lipids; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. A repeated measures mixed model was used to assess the effects of diet and sequence, and the diet-by-sequence interaction. ^abc Pairwise comparisons were assessed by Fisher’s Protected Least Squares Difference method when there was a significant diet effect.