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P. gingivalis-LPS induced oxidative stress and decreased membrane potential. (A) Cells were stained with MitoSOX Red, and ROS-producing cells were sorted using flow cytometry. (B) JC-1 staining was used to assess the decline in the membrane potential. (C) Western blot analysis of 4-HNE and GAPDH was used as a loading control (n = 3). * p < 0.05.
