1. In your opinion, what will be the best indicator to assess healthy GI tract in infants:    1. Absence of GI discomfort symptoms i.e., no constipation    2. Absence of GI-related infection    3. Effective digestion and absorption of food as indicated by normal growth    4. Status of well-being ie no excessive crying, good sleep during the night, good quality of life of the parents    5. Stool consistency and frequency    6. Strong immune function from inside due the optimal gut microbiota diversity    7. Others; please specify: _____________________

2. In your opinion, what will be the best indicator to assess healthy GI tract in toddlers:    1. Absence of GI discomfort symptoms i.e., no GER, no constipation + crying, no colic    2. Absence of GI-related infection    3. Effective digestion and absorption of food as indicated by normal growth    4. Status of well-being ie no excessive crying, good sleep during the night, good    quality of life of the parents    5. Stool consistency and frequency    6. Strong immune function from inside due the optimal gut microbiota diversity    7. Others; please specify: _____________________

3. What is the average prevalence of infantile constipation in your practice within the last one week?    1. 0–5%    2. 6–15%    3. 16–25%    4. 26–35%    5. 36–45%    6. 46–55%    7. More than 55%

4. At which age do you encounter the highest incidence of the infant’s constipation in your practice?    1. 0–2.9 months    2. 3–5.9 months    3. 6–8.9 months    4. 9–12 months    5. Others: ___________________

5. How frequently do you observe constipation affects the quality of life of infants and their parents in the last week?    1. Almost Always: >70%    2. Sometimes: 30–69%    3. Rarely: 10–29%    4. Never: <10%

6. Please rank the following treatments that you usually practice when managing constipation in infants 0–12 months: (no#1: the most frequent; no#6: the least frequent)    1. Change the standard formula to a specific nutrition solution    2. Pharmacological approach using Lactulose    3. Pharmacological approach using Poly-ethylene Glycol (PEG)    4. Pharmacological approach using rectal enema    5. Pharmacological approach using Sodium picosulfate    6. Reassurance of parents

7. Which specific nutrition solution do you often use in managing constipation in nonbreastfed 0–6 months old infants?    1. Extensively hydrolysed formula    2. Formula containing fiber (i.e., inulin or carob bean gum)    3. Formula containing milk-fat    4. Formula containing prebiotics (fructo-oligosacharides or galacto-oligosaccharides)    5. Formula containing probiotics (Bifidobacteria or Lactobacillus Sp.)    6. Formula containing synbiotics (combination between prebiotics and probiotics)    7. Goat milk–based infant formula    8. Magnesium-rich formula    9. No specific nutrition solution    10. Partially hydrolyzed formula    11. Soya-based infant formula    12. Standard infant formula    13. Don’t know    14. Others; please specify: _____________________________

8. Which specific nutrition solution do you often use in managing constipation in nonbreastfed 6–12 months old infants?    1. Extensively hydrolysed formula    2. Formula containing fiber (i.e., inulin or carob bean gum)    3. Formula containing milk-fat    4. Formula containing prebiotics (fructo-oligosacharides or galacto-oligosaccharides)    5. Formula containing probiotics (Bifidobacteria or Lactobacillus Sp.)    6. Formula containing synbiotics (combination between prebiotics and probiotics)    7. Goat milk–based infant formula    8. Magnesium-rich formula    9. No specific nutrition solution    10. Partially hydrolyzed formula    11. Soya-based infant formula    12. Standard infant formula    13. Don’t know    14. Others; please specify: _____________________________