Table 4.

Annual percent changes in hospitalization rates for pneumonia in Italy from 2010 to 2019 stratified by different variables.

Variable		Annual Percent Change	p-Value
Raw hospitalization rates		+3.47	<0.001
Gender	Male	+3.08	<0.001
	Female	+3.93	<0.001
Age (years)	<18	−4.25	0.004
	18–45	−1.02	0.304
	46–65	+3.67	<0.001
	66–75	+3.53	<0.001
	76–85	+4.32	0.003
	>85	+7.49	0.003
Diagnosis (Position)	Pneumonia in first diagnosis	+1.35	0.011
	Pneumonia in secondary diagnosis	+6.18	0.003
Diagnosis	Unspecified pneumonia	+5.48	0.002
	Unspecified pneumonia viral	+4.60	0.009
	Unspecified pneumonia bacterial	+5.86	<0.001
	Unspecified bronchopneumonia	+0.10	0.761
	Specified pneumonia viral	+11.62	0.003
	Specified pneumonia bacterial	+3.33	0.003
	Specified pneumonia fungi	+6.38	0.001
	Other	+5.99	<0.001
	Coinfection	+16.11	0.001
Comorbidities	Chronic respiratory diseases	+3.60	<0.001
	Chronic cardiovascular diseases	+2.85	<0.001
	Chronic kidney diseases	+5.21	<0.001
	Cancer	+3.02	<0.001
	Diabetes	+1.86	<0.001
Comorbidities (number)	At least one comorbidity	+3.76	<0.001
	At least two comorbidities	+2.90	<0.001
	Three or more comorbidities	+2.19	0.002
Discharge disposition	Routine discharge	+2.13	0.001
	Transfer	+9.08	<0.001
	In-hospital death	+4.56	<0.001
	Other	+9.00	<0.001
Hospitalization costs (euro)		+3.95	<0.001
In-hospital death		+4.60	<0.001
Length of stay (days)		+0.31	0.038
DRG weight *		+0.57	0.003

* Measured as the ratio of the mean episode cost in a drg group to the mean cost of episodes in all drgs.