Types of housing models	Definitions
“Traditional” shelters and housing models (i.e., treatment as usual [TAU] or TF programs)	Emergency shelters and housing services for women and families experiencing domestic violence or eviction, or without an alternative housing option (Siemiatycki, 2021)
	Homeless shelter: “a staffed institution that provides overnight shelter on a temporary (non-permanent) basis for people without homes or people seeking asylum from their homes due to abuse or domestic violence” (Moffa et al., 2019, p. 2)
	Canadian federal homelessness partnering strategy Phase 1 (2007 to 2014): TF model: “…individuals experiencing homelessness are generally required to participate in treatment programs and demonstrate readiness before they are offered housing” (Chen et al., 2021, p. 6)
	At home/Chez Soi trial TAU control group has “access to services such as shelters, hospitals, and community-based health and housing services” (Latimer et al., 2020, p. 2) TAU control group has “no housing or supports provided by the study” (Patterson et al., 2013, p. 2) Comparison group “described as usual services (care as usual), other types of housing programs or case management interventions, or other types of interventions” (Munthe-Kaas et al., 2018, p. 28)
Transitional housing	Transitional shelter: “…provides an alternative type of temporary accommodation for residents seeking exits from homelessness…also provides additional one-on-one supports and case management services” (Wallace et al., 2019, p. 4)
	Mainstream THPs: “offer a supervised, structured setting in which to gradually transition a household to a state of residential independence…pairs housing provision with intensive supportive services…” (Rodriguez & Eidelman, 2017, p. 4)
	THPs: “intended to help gradually ease the individual into satisfying the prerequisites for independent living” (Williams, 2020, p. 3)
Housing first models	Canadian federal homelessness partnering strategy Phase 2 (2014 to 2019) HF model: “…moved individuals experiencing chronic or episodic homelessness from the street or shelter directly into stable housing as quickly as possible, complemented by individualized supports” (Chen et al., 2021, p. 6)
	HF “independent scatter-site apartments and ACT” (Stefancic & Tsemberis, 2007, p. 5)
	Scattered-site HF: “residents are offered a choice of individual housing units located throughout the larger community and can access supportive services delivered via an assertive community treatment (ACT) Model” (Collins et al., 2012, p. 2)
	Project-based HF: “involves the provision of low-barrier, non abstinence-based, immediate, and permanent supportive housing to chronically homeless individuals; however, residents are provided with individual units (e.g., private studio apartments or semi-private cubicles) within a single housing project; residents can elect to receive on-site case-management and other supportive services” (Collins et al., 2012, p. 2)
	HF/permanent housing programs: offer “upfront provision of permanent housing with no pre-conditions” (Williams, 2020, p. 2)
	At Home/Chez Soi trial Scattered-site variant of HF with ACT (Latimer et al., 2020)
	At Home/Chez Soi trial Three variants of HF:  HF (independent apartments) with ACT  Congregate housing with on-site support  HF (independent apartments) with ICM (Patterson et al., 2013, p. 2)
	At Home/Chez Soi trial HF with two levels of support:  ACT for high needs  ICM for moderate needs (Macnaughton et al., 2012)
Rapid Rehousing	Federal U.S. department of housing and urban development strategy Rapid re-housing typically involving three components: (1) recruiting landlords and identifying suitable housing, (2) offering moving and rent assistance, and (3) providing access to case management at home and other supportive services (Garcia & Kim, 2020, p. 2) Employs a HF model to move families off the streets to the emergency shelter as soon as possible and placing them into either: (1) temporary housing or (2) permanent supportive housing, which is reserved for the chronically homeless who need case managers and other services on site (Garcia & Kim, 2020, p. 4)
	Federal U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Strategy Rapid re-housing aims to: “move(s) households rapidly from homeless shelters to independent housing—preferably in a matter of weeks. Households are moved directly into apartments in the private market (with their own names on the lease) and receive partial rental assistance and limited services from the service provider for up to a year” (Rodriguez & Eidelman, 2017, p. 3)
Low-barrier Shelter	“A form of emergency shelter for individuals experiencing homelessness which facilitates easy access by keeping historical barriers to shelter entry to a minimum” (Ang & Wasserman, 2021, p. 2)
Emergency Warming Centre	A “harm reduction [pilot] project, loosely based on a Housing First model” (Young & Manion, 2017, p. 2)