Table 1.
Characteristics of participants included in analysis
| Characteristic | Global (N = 78) | Remitters (N = 51) | Nonremitters (N = 27) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution | ||||
| Age, years | 10.4 ± 3.6 | 10.9 ± 3.4 | 9.3 ± 4 | 0.09† |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 41 (52) | 30 (59) | 10 (37) | 0.1‡ |
| Pubertal, n (%) | 40 (51) | 29 (57) | 11 (40.7) | 0.2‡ |
| BMI (z score) | −0.7 ± 1.5 | −0.6 ± 1.5 | −1 ± 1.3 | 0.3† |
| Baseline diabetes characteristics | ||||
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 12.3 (111) ± 2.1 (23) | 12.1 (109) ± 2.2 (24) | 12.8 (116) ± 1.8 (19) | 0.13† |
| Presence of ketoacidosis, n (%) | 26 (33) | 13 (26) | 13 (48) | 0.04‡ |
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 475 ± 190 | 462 ± 197 | 508 ± 193 | 0.3† |
| Weight loss (%) | 9.9 ± 15.47 | 6.9 ± 17.8 | 15.7 ± 6.8 | 0.003† |
| Insulin administration | ||||
| MDI, n (%) | 66 (83.5) | 45 (88) | 20 (77) | 0.3‡ |
| Insulin pump, n (%) | 9 (11.4) | 4 (8) | 5 (19) | 0.3‡ |
| Unknown, n (%) | 3 (5) | 2 (4) | 1 (4) | NA |
| Glycemic control£ (n = 78) | ||||
| HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | 6.2 (44) ± 0.7 (8) | 6 (42) ± 0.5 (6) | 6.7 (50) ± 0.8 (8) | 2.5e-20† |
| Insulin doses (IU/kg/day) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 6.1e-20† |
| IDAA1c | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 0.8 | 9.9 ± 1.1 | 3.4e-38† |
| Fasting and stimulated C-peptide£ | ||||
| CPEPBASAL (pmol/mL) (n = 73) | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.01¶ |
| Peak stimulated (pmol/mL) (n = 52) | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.01¶ |
| CPEPSTIM (pmol/mL/min) (n = 52) | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.02¶ |
| CPEPEST (pmol/mL)§ (n = 73) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 2.6e-06† |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Percentages may not total to 100 because of rounding.
NA, not applicable.
*
P value calculated between remitters and nonremitters. Results were considered significant when P < 0.05.
†
Student t test.
‡
χ2.
£
Parameters evaluated at 3 months after diagnosis.
¶
Wilcoxon test.
§
Calculated as described by Wentworth et al. (16).