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. 2022 Dec 28;13(1):64. doi: 10.3390/jpm13010064

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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CTA enables fast 3D PM with clear delineation of SP, P, F, M and the IEA. SP must be measured manually in relation to the umbilicus (A). (B) shows PM in 3D. The origin of the IEA, including M with type II branching on the left and type I branching on the right, is clearly visible. In (C), F and P of the perforators on the left and right side are clearly visible. IEA, M, F, P(°°) and SP can be clearly seen within the sagittal view (D), including the superficial epigastric artery (SIEA**).