| Aerosil R972 | fumed silica commercial product from Evonik |
| CAD CAM | Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| E4GMA | Ethoxylated (E4) bisphenol A dimethacrylate |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| HGFs | human gingival fibroblasts |
| LOD | below the detection limit |
| PE | polyethylene |
| TEGDMA | Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate |
| TPO | diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide |
| UDMA | 7,9,9-trimethyl-4,13-dioxo-3,14-dioxa-5,12-diazahexadecane-1,16-diyl bis methacrylate |