Table 3.

Measurement reliability.

Construct	Items	Cronbach’s alpha
Perceived Fear (Moon et al., 2021, pp. 1–11)	When I receive this information, I get⋯ •Frightened; •Tense; •Anxious; •Uncomfortable	0.928
Perceive Controllability (Li et al., 2020)	When I receive this information, I rate the controllability of the following items: •The etiology; •The ways of transmission; •The infectiousness; •The time COVID-19 will last; •The effectiveness of the treatment; •The recovery rate; •The mortality; •The developmental trends of COVID-19; •The overall controllability of COVID-19	0.899
Preventive Behaviors Intention (Oh et al., 2021)	Ask about the level of consent for the following preventive behaviors: •I will wear a mask to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection; •I will try not to go to public spaces, such as restaurants or department stores; •I will try not to attend parties; •I will try to wash my hands or use hand sanitizer more often to prevent the risk of COVID-19 infection; •I will cover my mouth and nose with my arms when I sneeze or cough; •I will actively consider getting the COVID-19 vaccine	0.955