Table 3.
Weighted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for chronic complication of people with diabetes across different levels of serum uric acid (SUA) (n = 3106).
| Case/Participants | Crude † | Model 1 † | Model 2 † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| SUA > 420 | 615/3106 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 300 < SUA ≤ 420 | 1354/3106 | 0.54 (0.41–0.70) ** | 0.58 (0.44–0.77) ** | 0.61 (0.41–0.90) * |
| SUA ≤ 300 | 1137/3106 | 0.42 (0.32–0.56) ** | 0.54 (0.39–0.73) ** | 0.56 (0.36–0.87) * |
| p for trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.05 | |
| Diabetic kidney disease | ||||
| SUA > 420 | 609/3075 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 300 < SUA ≤ 420 | 1350/3075 | 0.48 (0.38–0.60) ** | 0.49 (0.39–0.63) ** | 0.53 (0.38–0.74) ** |
| SUA ≤ 300 | 1116/3075 | 0.30 (0.23–0.40) ** | 0.34 (0.25–0.45) ** | 0.33 (0.21–0.52) ** |
| p for trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |
| Diabetic peripheral neuropathy | ||||
| SUA > 420 | 250/1453 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 300 < SUA ≤ 420 | 643/1453 | 0.59 (0.42–0.84) ** | 0.65 (0.45–0.94) * | 0.59 (0.36–0.95) * |
| SUA ≤ 300 | 560/1453 | 0.49 (0.33–0.73) ** | 0.62 (0.40–0.97) * | 0.49 (0.27–0.89) * |
| p for trend | <0.01 | 0.07 | <0.05 | |
| Diabetic retinopathy | ||||
| SUA > 420 | 265/1233 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 300 < SUA ≤ 420 | 545/1233 | 0.89 (0.56–1.44) | 1.00 (0.61–1.64) | 1.01 (0.54–1.91) |
| SUA ≤ 300 | 423/1233 | 0.97 (0.66–1.43) | 1.20 (0.77–1.86) | 0.89 (0.53–1.50) |
| p for trend | 0.99 | 0.35 | 0.62 |
SUA: Serum uric acid. † Calculated using binary logistic regression. Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, and race. Model 2 adjusted for poverty–income ratio, waist circumference, smoking status, education level, hypertension, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, courses of diabetes (year), and HbA1c. * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01.