Table 1.

Secondary outcomes

Outcome	Outcome definition
Maternal process of care and health outcomes
CS rate in women in Robson Groups 1 and 3	Numerator: number of women undergoing CS Denominator: number of women in Robson Groups 1 and 3
CS rate in women in Robson Groups 1 to 5	Numerator: number of women undergoing CS Denominator: number of women in Robson Groups 1 to 5
Overall CS rate	Numerator: number of women undergoing CS Denominator: number of women giving birth
Augmentation with oxytocin during labour rate	Numerator: number of women given oxytocin for augmentation during labour Denominator: number of women who experienced spontaneous labour
Artificial rupture of the membranes rate	Numerator: number of women who had artificial rupture of membranes Denominator: number of women who experienced spontaneous labour
Episiotomy rate	Numerator: number of women who had episiotomy Denominator: number of women with vaginal birth
Operative vaginal birth rate	Numerator: number of women who had operative vaginal birth (forceps or vacuum) Denominator: number of women with vaginal birth
Duration of hospital admission	Total length (hours) of hospital admission for childbirth
3rd or 4th degree tears	Numerator: number of women experiencing 3rd or 4th degree tears Denominator: number of women giving birth
PPH requiring uterine balloon tamponade or surgical intervention	Numerator: number of women requiring uterine balloon tamponade OR surgical intervention for PPH Denominator: number of women giving birth
Suspected or confirmed maternal infection requiring therapeutic antibiotics	Numerator: number of women with clinical signs or symptoms of maternal infection AND therapeutic antibiotics were required Denominator: number of women giving birth
Fetal / neonatal outcomes
Antepartum stillbirth	Numerator: fetal death prior to admission, or after admission but before onset of painful uterine contractions with cervical changes Denominator: all born babies
Intrapartum stillbirth	Numerator: fetal death after admission AND after onset of painful uterine contractions with cervical changes Denominator: all born babies
Apgar score < 7 at 5 min	Numerator: liveborn babies with Apgar < 7 at 5 min Denominator: liveborn babies
Bag and mask ventilation of newborn	Numerator: use of continuous bag and mask ventilation of newborn for > 1 min Denominator: liveborn babies
Mechanical ventilation of newborn	Numerator: use of mechanical ventilation of newborn Denominator: liveborn babies
Prolonged (> 48 h) admission in NICU	Numerator: admission to NICU for > 48 h Denominator: liveborn babies
Newborns requiring NICU admission for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy	Numerator: admission to NICU for suspected or confirmed Denominator: liveborn babies
Neonatal death	Numerator: neonatal death in a liveborn infant by day 7 or discharge (whichever came first) Denominator: all liveborn babies
Women’s experience outcomes
Woman’s experience with labour companion	Numerator: women who reported a labour companion was present during labour or birth Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Woman’s experience of being offered pain relief	Numerator: women who reported that they were asked whether they would like any pain relief Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who completed the survey
Women’s satisfaction with their pain management during labour and birth	Numerator: women who reported being very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with how their pain was managed during labour and birth Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who completed the survey
Woman’s experience of being encouraged to drink oral fluids	Numerator: women who reported that a health worker encouraged them to drink water Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Woman’s experience of being encouraged to eat food	Numerator: women who reported that a health worker encouraged them to eat food Denominator: Women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Woman’s experience of mobilising during labour	Numerator: women who reported that a health worker encouraged them to walk around during labour Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3
Woman’s experience of birth position of choice	Numerator: women who reported that a health worker asked them which birth position they preferred Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Woman’s experience of time health worker spent with them	Numerator: women who reported being very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with amount of time health worker spent with them during labour Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Women’s satisfaction with the way health providers communicated with them	Numerator: women who reported being very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with the way health workers communicated with them during labour and birth Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Woman’s experience of privacy	Numerator: number of women who strongly agreed or agreed that their privacy was respected during examinations and treatments Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Women’s experience of being asked permission	Numerator: number of women who said their health worker always asked permission before examinations and treatments Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey
Woman’s overall experience of care	Numerator: number of women who strongly agreed or agreed that they felt satisfied with their labour and birth experience Denominator: women in Robson Group 1 or 3 who complete postpartum survey