Table 1.
Modulation of MMP2 and MMP9 by EGCG in selected papers.
| Human Cell Types | Major Findings on Effects of EGCG (↓): Inhibition/Downregulation; (↑): Activation/Upregulation; (±): No Effect |
References |
|---|---|---|
| Fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells | Gelatinolytic activity (IC50 = 20 μM) (↓), Matrigel invasion (IC50 = less than 0.1 μM) (↓). |
Garbisa et al. [61] |
| Kaposi’s sarcoma IMM cells | Cell growth (↓), endothelial cell growth (↓), invasion (↓), apoptosis (↑) (at high concentration). Gelatinolytic activity in endothelial cell supernatants (↓), formation of new capillary-like structures (↓). In xenografted mice: tumor growth (↓), angiogenesis (↓). |
Fassina et al. [62] |
| Tumor bronchial epithelial cells | Cell migration (↓), MMP2 mRNA and protein expression (↓), MT1-MMP (±). MMP9 expression was not detected. | Hazgui et al. [63] |
| Oral squamous cell carcinoma-9 cells | Cell migration (↓), motility (↓), adhesion (↓), p-FAK (↓), p-Src (↓), snail-1 (↓), vimentin (↓), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (↓), EMT (↓), PMA-induced invasion (↓), PMA-induced MMP9 expression (↓). In xenografted mice: tumor growth (↓). |
Chen et al. [64] |
| Neuroblastoma both SK-N-BE2 and SH-SY5Y cells | Matrigel invasion (↓), MMP2 (↓), MMP9 (↓), pAKT (↓), NF-κB (↓), VEGF (↓), bFGF (↓), Notch-1 (↓), hTERT (↓), PCNA (↓), E-cadherin (↑), Caspase 8 (↑), Bid (↑), Bax (↑), Bcl-2 (↓), Caspase 3 (↑), ICAD (↑). Survivin blocked these effects of EGCG. |
Hossain et al. [65] |
| A431 and SCC13 skin cancer cells | Cell death (↑), MMP2 (↓), MMP9 (↓), phosphorylation of β-catenin (↑), nuclear β-catenin (↓), casein kinase1α (↑), phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (↓). |
Singh and Katiyar [66] |
| Uveal melanoma M17 cells | Cell migration (↓), secreted MMP2 activity (↓), mRNA and protein expression (±), expressions of MMP2 (↓), TIMP2 (↑), RECK (↑), pERK1/2 (↓), p38 and JNK levels (±). | Chang et al. [67] |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma TW01 cells | Proliferation (↓), migration (↓), invasive (↓), MMP2 (↓), MMP9 (↓), E-cadherin (↑), β-catenin (↑), pERK (↓), AP-1 (↓), Sp1 (↓). In xenografted mice: tumor growth (↓), p53 (↑), p21 (↑), apoptosis (↑) caspase 3 (↑), nuclear translocation of NF-κB (↓), β-catenin (↓). |
Fang et al. [50] |
| Doxorubicin-sensitive human breast cancer MCF7 cells | MMP2 activity (↓), MMP9 activity (↓). These activities were not detected in Doxorubicin-sensitive MCF7 cells. |
Nowakowska et al. [68] |
| Cholangiocarcinoma HuCC-T1 cells | Cell viability (↓), growth (↓), invasion (↓); MMP2/MMP9 activity (↓), apoptosis (↑), Bax/Bcl-2 (↑), Caspase 3/9 (↑), mutant p53 (↓). In xenografted mice: tumor growth (↓),MMP2/9 (↓), Notch-1(↓), PCNA (↓) |
Kwak et al. [69] |
| BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells | Cell viability (↓), RXRα (±), RXRβγ (±), RXRγ (↑) Bcl-2 (±), cleaved PARP (↑), MMP2 mRNA (↓) MMP2 activity (↓), MMP2 protein (±), MMP9 mRNA (±), MMP9 activity (↓). | Farabegoli et al. [70] |
| ES-2 ovarian cancer cells | TGF-β-induced MMP2 (↓), TGF-β-induced EMT biomarkers (fibronectin, Snail, Slug, Smad-3 phosphorylation) (↓). EC gave no effects on TGF-β-induced MMP2. |
Sicard et al. [71] |
EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition; Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; ICAD, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase; PARP, poly-ADP ribose polymerase; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; RECK, reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs; RXR, retinoid X receptor.