Figure 5.

Phenotypic changes induced by EAV on live Mo. Monocytes were inoculated at MOI of 5 with different strains of live or UV inactivated EAV. Controls were uninfected (media only) and mock infected cells. Cultures were incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO₂ for 16 h. Cells were stained with the live/dead fixable near-IR dead cell kit, followed by staining with anti-CD14-FITC, anti-CD163-Vioblue and anti-CD172-PE. Stained cells of the different treatments were assessed by comparing the same number of events (10,000) in the live cell target gate. The Velogenic strain significantly decreased the expression of CD14 and CD163 on Mo. There were no significant differences in the expression of CD172a; however, it was upregulated by all virus strains and the UV inactivated virus. Results were represented as the % surface marker expression ± SEM (n = 9). A 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test was used to compare replicate means. *, ** and *** indicate significant differences between sample means where p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively.