Table 1.
Differences among patients treated in the two centers.
| Niguarda Hospital (Milan) (n = 832) |
Maggiore Hospital (Novara) (n = 248) |
Total Patients (n = 1080) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male [n (%)] | 653 (78.49) | 192 (77.42) | 845 (78.24) | 0.7210 |
| Age overall [median (IQR)] | 49 [38–62] | 53.15 [36–67] | 38 (63–87) | |
| Age [n (%)] | 0.0002 | |||
| <65 years old | 651 (78.25) | 164 (66.13) | 815 (75.46) | |
| ears old | 95 (11.42) | 51 (20.56) | 146 (13.52) | |
| >75 years old | 86 (10.34) | 33 (13.31) | 119 (11.02) | |
| Median GCS in ED [median (IQR)] | 15 [3–15] | 15 [15–15] | 15 [11–15] | <0.0001 |
| Median SpO2 in ED [median (IQR)] | 99 [96–100] | 96 [93–99] | 98 [96–100] | <0.0001 |
| ASA score [n (%)] | 0.0092 | |||
| I | 508 (61.13) | 127 (51.42) | 635 (58.91) | |
| II | 266 (32.01) | 93 (37.65) | 359 (33.30) | |
| III | 55 (6.62) | 24 (9.72) | 79 (7.33) | |
| IV | 2 (0.24) | 3 (1.21) | 5 (0.46) | |
| Mechanism [n (%)] | <0.0001 | |||
| Car | 161 (20.10) | 79 (31.89) | 240 (22.90) | |
| Motorcycle | 256 (31.96) | 57 (23.08) | 313 (29.87) | |
| Pedestrian struck | 121 (15.11) | 21 (8.50) | 142 (13.55) | |
| Fall | 189 (23.60) | 72 (29.15) | 261 (24.90) | |
| Cyclist | 57 (7.12) | 18 (7.29) | 75 (7.16) | |
| Other | 17 (2.12) | 0 | 17 (1.62) | |
| TI [n (%)] | 336 (40.38) | 66 (22.61) | 402 (37.22) | <0.0001 |
| TI reason [n (%)] * | <0.0001 | |||
| GCS < 8 | 246 (73.21) | 15 (23.08) | 261 (65.09) | |
| Surgery | 34 (10.12) | 28 (43.08) | 62 (15.46) | |
| Hemodynamic instability | 13 (3.87) | 7 (10.77) | 20 (4.99) | |
| Respiratory failure | 20 (5.95) | 10 (15.38) | 30 (7.48) | |
| Airway obstruction | 6 (1.79) | 2 (3.08) | 8 (2.00) | |
| Agitation | 17 (5.06) | 3 (4.62) | 20 (4.99) | |
| E-FAST [n (%)] | 810 (97.36) | 58 (23.48) | 868 (80.44) | <0.0001 |
| Chest X-ray [n (%)] | 691 (83.05) | 69 (27.94) | 760 (70.44) | <0.0001 |
| Torso CT [n (%)] | 732 (87.98) | 216 (87.45) | 948 (87.86) | 0.8223 |
| Emergency Surgery [n (%)] | 313 (37.62) | 31 (12.55) | 344 (31.88) | <0.0001 |
| Chest AIS’98 [n (%)] | <0.0001 | |||
| <3 | 145 (17.43) | 82 (33.07) | 227 (21.02) | |
| ≥3 | 687 (82.57) | 166 (66.94) | 853 (78.98) | |
| Abdomen AIS’98 [n (%)] | 0.0523 | |||
| <3 | 677 (81.37) | 215 (86.69) | 892 (82.59) | |
| ≥3 | 155 (18.63) | 33 (13.31) | 188 (17.41) | |
| Head AIS’98 [n (%)] | ≤0.0001 | |||
| <3 | 559 (67.27) | 209 (84.27) | 768 (71.18) | |
| ≥3 | 272 (32.73) | 39 (15.73) | 311 (28.82) | |
| Extremity AIS’98 [n (%)] | ≤0.0001 | |||
| <3 | 577 (69.35) | 209 (84.27) | 786 (72.78) | |
| ≥3 | 255 (30.65) | 39 (15.73) | 294 (27.22) | |
| Median ISS [median (IQR)] | 24 [14–36] | 14 [10–22] | 21 [13–33] | <0.0001 |
| RTS [median (IQR)] | 12 [4–12] | 12 [12–12] | 12 [10–12] | <0.0001 |
| Death probability TRISS [median (IQR)] | 4.80 [1.60–18.70] | 1.98 [0.53–4.63] | 3.78 [1.10–15.10] | <0.0001 |
| Deceased [n (%)] | 77 (9.25) | 20 (8.10) | 97 (8.99) | 0.5765 |
* TI reason was calculated only for subjects who underwent TI. GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; ASA score: American Society of Anesthesiology score; TI: tracheal intubation; CT: Computed tomography; ED: emergency department; AIS: Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS: Injury Severity Score; RTS: Revised Trauma Score; TRISS: Trauma Injury Severity Score; IQR: Interquartile range; SpO2: peripheral oxygen saturation; E-FAST: extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma.