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. 2023 Jan 9;13(1):197. doi: 10.3390/life13010197

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The clonal or stochastic cancer development model. In the clonal model, every cancer cell has the potential to promote the development of a new tumor. The driving force of tumor heterogeneity is the genetic instability of cancer cells that results in the accumulation of DNA alterations and, consequently, the formation of cancer cells with different genotypes and, thus, phenotypes.