Table 1.
Epidemiological data, symptoms of birds, and RT-PCR results in a study on viruses in migratory birds in Egypt.
| Collection Date | Sampling Governorate | Type of Birds | Number of Birds |
Clinical Signs | Post Mortem Examination | No. of Positive Samples |
qRT-PCR (Ct) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common Name | Scientific Name | |||||||
| 10/2021 | Ismailia (Berket el Baalwa) | Marbled Teal | Marmaronetta angustirostris | 7 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − |
| Red-back-shrike | Lanius collurio | 15 | Neurological impairment | − | − | − | ||
| Greater-Flamingo | Phoenicopteridae | 8 | Dead | + | 1 | AIV (31) | ||
| Common Snipe | Gallinago gallinago | 7 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| Tufted Duck | Aythya fuligula | 5 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| 11/2021 | Damietta (Ras El-bar) | Common-Blackbird | Turdus merula | 5 | Neurological impairment | ++ | 1 | AIV (25) |
| Eurasian Jay | Garrulus glandarius | 22 | Apparent healthy | − | − | − | ||
| True redstarts | Phoenicurus | 18 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| Wrynecks | Jynx | 30 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| 1/2022 | Giza | Dusky Warbler | Phylloscopus fuscatus | 5 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − |
| Squacco Heron | Ardeola ralloides | 7 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| Ibis | Threskiornithinae | 4 | Neurological impairment | ++ | 1 | AIV (25) | ||
| Beni-Suef | Curlews | Numenius | 2 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | |
| Gadwall | Anas strepera | 3 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| Caspian Plover | Charadrius asiaticus | 4 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| 3/2022 | Damietta (Lake Manzala) | Spotted Sandgrouse | Pterocles senegallus | 4 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − |
| Greater-Flamingo | Phoenicopteridae | 4 | Neurological impairment | ++ | 1 | AIV (32) | ||
| True redstarts | Phoenicurus | 6 | Dead | − | − | − | ||
| Woodchat Shrike | Lanius senator | 7 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| European Bee-eater | Merops apiaster | 5 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| Red-back-shrike | Lanius collurio | 4 | neurological impairment | ++ | 1 | AIV (28) | ||
| Common-Blackbird | Turdus merula | 15 | Lethargy and inability to fly | − | − | − | ||
| Marbled Duck | Marmaronetta angustirostris | 3 | Dead | + | 1 | AIV (29) | ||
− = no post mortem finding or no amplification to any of the tested viruses under study (H5N1, H9N2, H5N8, H6N2, NDV, IBV, ILT, IBDV, and West Nile fever virus). + = multifocal necrosis in the pancreas and liver as well as pulmonary congestion and edema, subepicardial bleeding, and myocarditis. ++ = general septicemia and brain congestion. Underlined = bird species that showed positive results for avian influenza virus (AIV).