| 1D | first derivative |
| AA | absorbancies additivity |
| ABS | acetate buffer solution |
| AdSDPV | adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry; |
| AdSSWV | adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry; |
| ATR-FTIR | attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| C120 | coumarin 120 |
| CC-I | 3′,5-dihydroxyflavone-7-O-β-D-galacturonide-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Cuminum cyminum seeds |
| CatSt | cationic starch |
| CDs | carbon dots |
| CDs-HSs | carbon dots hydrogel spheres |
| CF | continuous flow |
| CL | chemiluminescence |
| CLS | classical least square |
| CoEnQ10 | coenzyme Q10 |
| CoTHPP | meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrinato cobalt(II) |
| CP(E) | carbon paste (electrode) |
| CP(ME) | carbon paste (microelectrode) |
| CS | chitosan |
| CSWV | cyclic square-wave voltammetry |
| CTAC | cetyltrimethylammonium chloride |
| CV | cyclic voltammetry |
| CyD | cyclodextrin |
| CYP3A4/CuPPI | cytochrome P450 3A4 attached to copper polypropyleneimine |
| DACCA | 7-(diethylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid N-succinimidyl ester |
| DDRD | double divisor ratio spectra derivative |
| DRSZ | derivative ratio spectra-zero-crossing |
| DDQ | 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone |
| DME | dropping mercury electrode |
| DMF | dimethylformamide |
| DMSO | dimethylsulfoxide |
| DPP/DPV | differential pulse polarography/differential pulse voltammetry |
| ds | double stranded |
| DyNW | dysprosium nanowires |
| ECL | electrochemiluminescence |
| EG-CYP2EI | ethylene glycol bis(succinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester)-modified cytochrome P450 2E1 |
| EIS | electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
| ETB | ethambutol |
| F64PcZn/TiO2/SPE | perfluorinated phthalocyanine zinc complex deposited on TiO2/screen printed electrode |
| FA | folic acid |
| FCR | Folin-Ciocalteu reduction |
| FI | flow injection |
| FRET | Förster resonance energy transfer |
| FTIR | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy |
| GC(E) | glassy carbon (electrode) |
| GCE* | pre-anodized GCE |
| GMO | gadolinium manganese oxide |
| GNPls | graphene nanoplatelets |
| GO | graphene oxide |
| GSH | glutathione |
| HDDR | hybrid double divisor ratio spectra |
| HgFE | mercury film electrode |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HMDE | hanging mercury drop electrode |
| HP-β-CyD | 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin |
| HPLC-ECD | high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection |
| HRP | horseradish peroxidase |
| HSA | human serum albumin |
| IR | infrared |
| ISN | isoniazide |
| ITO | indium tin oxide |
| LOD | limit of detection |
| LOQ | limit of quantification |
| LR | linear range |
| LSV | linear sweep voltammetry |
| MEC | microelectrodes modified with Chitosan |
| MI(Ps) | molecular imprinted (polymers) |
| MIPPy-Cu-MOF/MC | molecularly imprinted polypyrrole/copper metal organic framework/mesoporous carbon |
| MSNPs | mesoporous silica nanoparticles |
| Mtb | mycobacteria tuberculosis |
| MWCNTs | multi-walled carbon nanotubes |
| NBS | N-bromosuccinimide |
| NCs | nanoclusters |
| NiHCF | nickel hexacyanoferrate |
| NIR | near infrared |
| N-P-CNDs | nitrogen and phosphorous-doped carbon nanodots |
| NPs | nanoparticles |
| NRIF | nanosome rifampicin (RIF encapsulated in phospholipid micelles) |
| NRs | nanorods |
| NSs | nanosheets |
| NiTAPc | nickel tetraamino phthalocyanine |
| OFM | orthogonal function method |
| PB290-b-PDMAEMA240 | poly(1,2-butadiene)-block- poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (the subscripts denote the number-average degrees of polymerization of the respective segment) |
| PBS | phosphate buffer solution |
| PCR | principale component regression |
| PEC | photoelectrochemistry |
| PEG | polyethylene glycol |
| PEI | polyethyleneimine |
| PG(E) | pencil graphite (electrode) |
| PLS | partial least squares |
| PMel | polymelamine |
| PPy | polypyrrole |
| PVP | polyvinyl pyrrolidone |
| PANSA | poly(8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid) |
| PYR | pyrazinamide |
| Q-AR | Q-absorption ratio |
| QDs | quantum dots |
| rGO | reduced graphene oxide |
| RFPT | rifapentine |
| RFD | rifandin |
| RIF | rifampicin |
| RSV | rifamycin SV |
| SCV | small colony variants |
| SDS | sodium dodecylsulphate |
| seATRP | simplified electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization |
| SMDE | static mercury drop electrode |
| SPBDDE | screen-printed boron-doped diamond electrode |
| SPCE | screen-printed carbon electrode |
| SPE | screen-printed electrode |
| SPION | superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles |
| ss | single stranded |
| SWP / SWV | square-wave polarography/square-wave voltammetry |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TCNQ | 7,7,7,8-tetracyano quinodimethane |
| TDM | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| TiO2/rGO | titanium dioxide nanoparticles anchored reduced graphene oxide sheets |
| UCCS | upconversion core-shell |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| Vis | visible |
| VXC72R | Cabot Vulcan XC72R carbon black |
| WHO | world health organization |