Table 1.
Summary of methods and techniques used to investigate maternal behavior in ruminant livestock.
| Measurement/Technique | Reference | Species/Breed |
|---|---|---|
| Observational Study | [13] | Bos indicus |
| Proximity logger contact data | [38] | Belmont Red, Brahman |
| Proximity logger contact data; accelerometers | [43] | Belmont Red, Brahman |
| Proximity logger contact data | [40] | Bos indicus |
| Proximity loggers, GPS collars | [44] | Bos indicus |
| Proximity loggers and Observational | [21] | Brahman/Droughtmaster × |
| Proximity loggers | [45] | Brahman/Droughtmaster ×/Belmont Red |
| Proximity loggers | [46] | Merino Ewes |
| Observational Maternal Behavior score | [47] | Beef cattle various breeds |
| Observational Maternal Behavior Score | [48] | Sheep various breeds |
| Observational study | [2] | Beef (Simmental), Dairy (German Black Pied) |
| Observational study | [49] | Dairy cows |
| Observational study | [50] | Sheep (Scottish Blackface and Suffolk) |
| Observational study | [25] | Beef cattle |
| Observational study | [39] | Wild Maremma beef cattle |
| Observational study | [51] | Angus and Simmental cattle |
| Observational study | [52] | Nelore and Guzerat cattle |
| Observational study | [53] | Friesian (Dairy), Saler (Beef) |
| Video recording & Observational | [54] | Bos indicus, Bos indicus × Bos taurus |