Table 3.
Risk-of-bias summary: review authors’ judgements about each risk-of-bias item for each included study.
| Study | Criteria | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| Berin, E. et al., 2019 [7] | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Hakestad, K.A. et al., 2015 [15] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Hartley, C. et al., 2020 [22] | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Son, W.M. et al., 2020 [23] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Bittar, S.T. et al., 2015 [24] | Low | High | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Prado- Nunes, P.R. et al., 2016 [25] | High | High | High | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Martinho, N.M. et al., 2016 [26] | Low | Low | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Multanem, J. et al., 2017 [27] | Low | High | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Ganderton, C. et al., 2018 [28] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Watson, S.L. et al., 2018 [29] | Low | Low | High | High | Low | Low | Low | Unclear |
| Nunes, R.P.P. et al., 2019 [30] | High | High | High | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
| Watson, S.L. et al., 2019 [31] | Low | Low | High | High | High | Low | Low | Unclear |
Data extracted from the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Criteria: 1, Random sequence generation; 2, Allocation concealment; 3, Blinding of participants and personnel; 4, Blinding of outcome assessment; 5, Incomplete outcome data; 6, Selective reporting; 7, Other bias; 8, Risk of bias.