Fig. 5.

HAEGS attenuated the inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress mediators in LPS-stimulated lung tissue homogenates by modulating the Nrf2 pathway. After 24 h of treatment, BALF samples were collected and lungs were isolated. Further, BALF (A) and tissue samples (B–D) were subjected to ELISA for the specified protein estimations. A part of the tissues was homogenized and subjected to nitric oxide, for immunoblot and immunohistochemistry analysis for the specified antibodies. E Nitric oxide estimation. F, G Representative graphs of relative expression (immunohistochemistry score) on NRF-2 and HO-1 normalized to area. H, I Representative immunohistochemistry images of NRF-2 and HO-1. J Representative images of western blot analysis. K and L Graph represents densitometric quantification of the specified proteins. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. the LPS control group. Data represented as mean ± SEM, n = 8. One-way ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis