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. 2023 Jan 15;16(2):836. doi: 10.3390/ma16020836

Figure 16.

Figure 16

(a) Various stress states in deep drawing of a cross-cup. Reprinted from Ref. [240] with permission. Copyright 2018, Elsevier; (b) overview of testing methods for sheet metal characterization under different stress states. Reprinted from Ref. [241] with permission. Copyright 2014, Elsevier.