Table 1.
Summary of representative lightweight materials for automobiles. Reused from Ref. [9], open access.
| Lightweight Materials | Typical Components | Examples | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Application | ||
| Al alloys | Shock absorber, brake, piston, tank, wheel rim, fender, roof, door, bumper, heat insulator, handle, piping, steering component, conrod, rotor, suspension component, bonnet, chassis, spoke, valve, gas cylinder, seat frame. | Audi A8 | Chassis |
| Jaguar XE | Monocoque | ||
| Mercedes AMG GT | Body | ||
| Ford F-150 | Body panel | ||
| Toyota GT86 | Bonnet | ||
| Mazda MX-5 | Bumper | ||
| Nissan Leaf | Battery case, sealing component | ||
| Tesla Model S | Frame and heat exchangers | ||
| Mg alloys | Engine block, steering wheel frame, seat frame, instrument panel, wheel rim, cylinder head, clutch case, cylinder block, transmission case, lower crankcase, intake manifold, air intake system, steering link bracing, oil pump body, camshaft drive chain case, gear control housing, bracket. | Ford Thunderbird | Steering wheel frame |
| Chrysler Plymouth | |||
| BMW(MINI) | |||
| Lexus LS430 | |||
| Mercedes Roadster 300/400/500 | SL Seat frame | ||
| Lexus LS430 | |||
| Chrysler Jeep | Instrument panel | ||
| Audi A8 | |||
| Toyota Century | |||
| Toyota 2000GT | Wheel rim | ||
| Toyota Supra | |||
| Alfa Romeo GTV | |||
| Porsche AG 911 | |||
| Dodge Raw | Cylinder head | ||
| Volvo Motors (LCP) | |||
| Honda Motor | |||
| Volkswagen Passat | Transmission case | ||
| Audi A4, A6 | |||
| Porsche AG 911 | |||
| Ti alloys | Connecting rod, engine valve, spring, intake valve, wheel, turbocharger, exhaust system, muffler, body frame, engine rocker arm, suspension component, engine piston pin, fastener, lug nut, door penetration beam, car stop bracket, brake caliper piston, pin bolt, pressure plate, shift button, clutch circle, fuel tank, fuel cell separator. | Mercedes-Benz S-class | Brake guide pin |
| Volkswagen | Sealing washer (brake) | ||
| Honda S2000 Roadster | Gear shift knob | ||
| Porsche GT3 | Connecting rod | ||
| Toyota Altezza 6cyL | Valve | ||
| Nissan Infinity Q45 | |||
| Mercedes-Benz truck | Turbocharger rotor | ||
| Mitsubishi Lancer | |||
| GM Corvette Z06 | Exhaust system | ||
| Acura NSX | Engine | ||
| Volkswagen Lupo FSI | Suspension spring | ||