Table 1.
Wound dressings composed of nanomaterial loaded with hydrogels.
| Main Polymer | Nanomaterial/Main Functional Components | Characteristics/Property | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS sponge | Iturin-AgNPs | It shows more effective inhibition of bacterial infection and promotion of wound healing process and quality. | Liangfu Zhou et al. [34] |
| Agarose film | Nanoantimicrobial Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 | It can promote local acidic pH and exhibit a broad spectrum of biocidal activity with nonirritating acid levels for human skin models. | Roger H. Piva et al. [35] |
| Functionalized dialdehyde chitosan | Fe-MIL-88NH2 nanozyme | The enzyme-like activity and the reversible release of nanozymes influenced by pH make it can achieve intelligently adaptive trapping and killing of bacteria. | Yanyan Li et al. [36] |
| Poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCEC) copolymer | PCEC-QAS nanoparticles | It promotes skin regeneration and prevents bacterial infection for MRSA-infected wound healing | Wenshuai Liu et al. [37] |
| hydrogel composed of adipic acid dihydrazide-modified γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA-ADH) and aldehyde-(F127-CHO), | NO donor (N,N’-di-sec-butyl-N,N’-dinitroso-1,4-phenylenediamine, BNN6) loaded two-dimensional polydopamine nanosheets (PDA NS) | Under 808 nm irradiation, the embedded PDA NS exhibits outstanding photothermal transform properties and on-demand NO release. The combination of photothermal and NO gas therapy show an antibacterial effect. | Genhua Liu et al. [38] |
| PVA hydrogel | Novel gold cage (AuNCs) modified with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) | It has a high and stable photothermal conversion efficiency under near-infrared irradiation. The production of large amounts of ROS leads to the disruption of bacterial membranes, inducing bacterial lysis and apoptosis. | Jiaxin Ding et al. [39] |
| PCL hydrogel | Inorganic SPC salt (dressings were made using electrospinningtechnology) | It is capable of continuously generating oxygen for up to 10 days and cell studies further confirmed pronounced expression of HIF-1α at gene and protein levels. | Mubashra Zehra [40] |
| Hyaluronate gel | Nano-oxygenated (NOX) powder | It can deliver dissolved oxygen locally into the wound surface and only relieve hypoxic conditions without achieving excessive oxygen content causing hyperoxygenation damage to the tissue. | Zhengyang Yang [41] |
| Hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) membrane | hydrogel beads containing active SynechococcusElongatus (S. elongatus) PCC7942, | It can provide continuous dissolved oxygen to improve chronic wound healing and promote cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. | Huanhuan Chen [42] |
| bacterial cellulose (BC, synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum) | hyperbranched cationic polysaccharide derivatives (HCP) encapsulating MMP-9 specific siRNA (siMMP-9) | The BC slowly released HCP/siMMP-9. The released siMMP-9 effectively reduced the gene expression and protein levels of MMP-9 | Na Li [43] |
| Oxidized hydroxymethyl propyl cellulose (OHMPC) and adipic dihydrazide-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-ADH) | siRNA-29a gene-loading hyaluronic acid-polyethyleneimine complex HA-PEI@siRNA-29a | It can achieve downregulation of miR-29A by slow release of siRNA-29a and boost the wound healing process via the angiogenesis and type I collagen synthesis | Linglan Yang [44] |
| Complex hydrogels with chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA), dextrose (Dex), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) | Resveratrol (Res) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plasmids. | It accelerates the splinted excisional burn wound healing, particularly by inhibiting inflammation response and promoting microvascular formation while being biocompatible. | Peng Wang [45] |
| Zwitterionic hydrogels | Cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with miRNA146a | The hydrogel is injectable, self-healing, and with sustained release profiles. The sustained release of miRNA146a-tagged cerium oxide nanoparticles can speed up diabetic wound healing time and significantly reduce inflammation. | Gulsu Sener [46] |
| Gelatin and oxidized dextran | Nano-formulation of curcumin and cerium oxide | The hydrogel demonstrates a controlled and prolonged drug release, and accelerated cell migration besides providing a highly significant antioxidant and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity | Syed Muntazir Andrabia [47] |
| Self-assembling peptidebased hydrogel | RADA 16-I for encapsulating PDGF-BB | the hydrogel can achieve the sustained release of PDGF-BB up to 48 h and show the angiogenic potential and wound healing ability of PDGF-BB | E. Santhinid [48] |
| Self-assembling peptidebased hydrogel | Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) spheroids | It exhibits superior efficacy of faster healing by downregulating inflammatory factors to modulate the inflammatory response and upregulating VEGF to promote angiogenesis | Junshuai Xue [49] |