Figure 3.

Prevention role of resveratrol in rheumatoid arthritis. (A) The pathophysiological mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) controlled by environmental factors, gene interactions, and the immune cells response, (B) SIRT1 activating factors and its protective effects in RA, (C) Resveratrol’s role in counteracting RA development. Abbreviations: COX2, cyclooxygenase 2; IL, interleukin; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alfa; MMP, metalloproteinases; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; PGE prostaglandin E; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Th1, T helper cells.