Table 5.
Extraction Method | Extraction Condition | Quantification Method | Quantification Method (Instrument Used, Model, Conditions) | Quantity of Oil Obtained in % | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydrodistillation | 80 min | GC-MS | Turbomass system,199 °C for 35 min, 1 μL | 0.18–1.4 | [59] |
180 min | GC-MS | ITMS Varian 4000 GC-MS/MS 250 °C for 10 min, 1 μL |
0.29 | [93] | |
180 min | GC-MS | Shimadzu GC-9A, Varian 3400, 250 °C | 0.31 | [22] | |
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation | 60 min with 500 W power | - | - | 0.32 | [94] |
240 min | GC-MS, FID | Shimadzu 15A 260 °C, 1 mL/min |
0.1 | [89] | |
Rapid solid–liquid dynamic extraction | 8 bar, 6 h | solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry | Clarus 580 GC apparatus coupled to a Clarus SQ 8 S GC/MS, 250 °C | 0.73 | [95] |
Soxhlet extraction | 40 °C | GC-MS and GC-FID | Agilent GC890N 150 °C, 5 μL |
14.45 | [91] |
Methylene chloride | GC-MS | Agilent Technologies series 6890N/5975B 280 °C, 20 min, 1 μL |
5.10 | [96] | |
Petroleum ether, 45 min | GC-MS | Shimadzu, GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, 260 °C | 8.82 | [97] | |
Steam distillation | 80 min | GC-MS, FID | Agilent Technologies 6890, 340 °C, | [98] | |
Subcritical water extraction | 125 °C, 0.5 mm, and 2 mL/min | GC-FID and GC-MS | Phillips model PU-4500 50 to 240 C at 3 C/min, 0.5 μL |
14.1 | [99] |
10 °C min−1 to 200 °C, 15 min | GC-MS | Agilent gas chromatography model 6890N 200 °C, 15 min |
0.6–0.8 | [100] | |
extraction | 10 MPa, 35 °C, CO2 - 419.9 kg/m3 | GC-FID and GC-MS | capillary type HP 5890 series II, equipped with a DB-5MS column 280 °C for 53 min, 0.5 μL |
0.84 | [101] |
300 bar, 35 °C, | GC | Shimadzu Model RF-353, 50–200 °C, 5 μL | 20 | [102] | |
50 °C and 150 bar, 180 min | GC-MS | Fisons Instruments MD 800, 250 °C, 20 min, 0.4 μL | 0.61 | [103] | |
350 bar, 35 °C, CO2 -14 g/min | GC-MS | Shimadzu QP2010 Ultra, 280 °C, 30 min | 4.55 | [104] |
Note: GC-MS: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy; FID: Flame ionization detector.