. 2023 Jan 8;12(2):511. doi: 10.3390/jcm12020511

Table 2.

Clinical rating scale scores in healthy controls (HC) and long COVID patients classified according to peak body temperature (BT), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and neurotoxicity (NT) index as long COVID with high versus low levels of these biomarkers (dubbed TO-NT).

Variables	HC (n = 39) ^A	Low TO-NT (n = 56) ^B	High TO-NT (n = 30) ^C	F/X² df = 2/119	p
Total HAMD	5.5 (0.67) ^B,C	15.7 (0.6) ^A,C	19.1 (0.8) ^A,B	105.21	<0.001
Total BDI	8.6 (1.0) ^B,C	23.5 (0.9) ^A,C	27.0 (1.2) ^A,B	85.35	<0.001
Total HAMA	7.8 (1.1) ^B,C	15.4 (0.9) ^A,C	19.5 (1.3) ^A,B	26.23	<0.001
Total FF	10.9 (1.8) ^B,C	24.7 (1.5) ^A,C	35.4 (2.0) ^A,B	43.05	<0.001
Pure FF (z score)	−0.877 (0.122) ^B,C	0.146 (0.101) ^A,C	0.867 (0.138) ^A,B	46.06	<0.001
Pure HAMD (z score)	−0.964 (0.118) ^B,C	0.296 (0.098) ^A,C	0.702 (0.133) ^A,B	51.04	<0.001
Pure BDI (z score)	−1.030 (0.113) ^B,C	0.348 (0.094) ^A,C	0.700 (0.128) ^A,B	62.79	<0.001
Pure HAMA (z score)	−0.606 (0.139) ^B,C	0.190 (0.115) ^A	0.432 (0.157) ^A	14.37	<0.001
Physiosom HAMA (z score)	−0.495 (0.145) ^B,C	0.029 (0.120) ^A,C	0.588 (0.164) ^A,B	12.21	<0.001
Physiosom HAMD (z score)	−1.031 (0.118) ^B,C	0.347 (0.098) ^A,C	0.702 (0.133) ^A,B	57.93	<0.001

All results of univariate GLM analysis; data are expressed as estimated marginal mean (SE) values obtained by GLM analysis after covarying for age, sex, education, and smoking. ^A,B,C: Results of pairwise comparisons among group means. FF: Fibro Fatigue scale, HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, BDI: Beck Depression Inventory II, Physiosom: physio-somatic.