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. 2023 Jan 6;24(2):1162. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021162

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Main mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory functions of TSG-6. Abbreviations: DC: dendritic cells, HA: hyaluronate, HS: heparan sulphate, IL: interleukin, LPS: lipopolysaccharide, MSCs: mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, myeloid differentiation primary response: MyD, TLRs: Toll-like receptors, NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, TSG: tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated gene, VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells.