FO mode/AL-FS	Active layer faces feed solution
Al2O3	Aluminum oxide nanoparticles
CNT	Carbon nanotubes
CA	Cellulose acetate
CAB	Cellulose acetate butyrate
P84 copolyimide	Copolyimide of 3,3′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetra-carboxylic dianhydride with 80% methylphenylene diamine and 20% methylene diamine
BPSH100-BPS0	Disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymer
ECP	External concentration polarization
FO	Forward osmosis
f-CNT	Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube
$gMH$	$\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^2 \mathrm{h}$
GO	Graphene oxide
GP	Graphene oxide-graft-poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles
HNT	Halloysite nanotubes
HTI	Hydration Technology Innovations
ICP	Internal concentration polarization
INTs	Imogolite nanotubes
$LMH$	$\mathrm{L}/{\mathrm{m}}^2 \mathrm{h}$
$LMH/bar$	$\mathrm{L}/{\mathrm{m}}^2 \mathrm{h} \mathrm{bar}$
MIP	Mercury intrusion porosimetry
Micro-XRM	Micro X-ray microscopy
MMcf	Million cubic feet
MPD	m-phenylene diamine
MWCNT	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NF	Nanofiltration
NMP	N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
DMF	N,N- dimethylformamide
OSRO	Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis
PAN	Polyacrylonitrile
PFSA	Perfluorosulfonic acid
PA-TFC	Polyamide thin-film composite
PEG	Polyethylene glycol
PET	Polyethylene terephthalate
PEI	Polyetherimide
PES	Polyethersulfone
PESU-co-sPPSU	Sulfonated copolymer of polyethersulfone and polyphenylsulfone
PDA	Polydopamine
PPSU	Poly(phenyl sulfone)
PSf	Polysulfone
PSf-g-PDMA	Polysulfone-graft-poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)
PVA	Polyvinyl alcohol
PVC	Polyvinyl chloride
PVDF	Polyvinylidene fluoride
PRO mode/AL-DS	Pressure retarded osmosis/Active layer faces draw solution
RO	Reverse osmosis
$B$	Salt permeability
SEM	Scanning electron microscopy
SPEK	Sulfonated poly(ether ketone)
SPES	Sulfonated polyethersulfone
SPPO	Sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide)
sPPSU	Sulfonated polyphenylenesulfone
SPSU	Sulfonated polysulfone
$S$-value	Structural parameter
TiO2	Titanium dioxide
TDS	Total dissolved solids
TFC	Thin-film composite
TMC	Trimesoyl chloride
$A$	Water permeability
NaY	Zeolite nanoparticles
Zn2GeO4	Zinc germanate