Table 1.
Morphological changes under the influence of nanoparticles.
| Stress | Plant | Nanoparticles | Morphological Changes under the Influence of Nanoparticles | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drought | Brassica napus L. | Fe | Increased biomass production and leaf growth | [91] |
| Salt | Dracocephalum moldavica L. | Ti | Increased plant height | [90] |
| Flood | Glycine max (L.) Merr | Al2O3 | Enhanced seedling weight and root length | [77] |
| Salt | Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench | Zn | Improved shoot length and root length | [92] |
| Heat | Triticum aestivum L. | Ag | Improved plant growth, root and shoot length, dry weight and fresh weight | [84] |
| High temperature | Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench | Se | Increased pollen germination | [83] |
| Drought | Triticum aestivum L. | Se | Improved shoot and root length, leaf area and leaf number | [93] |
| Salt | Moringa oleifera Lam. | Fe3O4 | Improved plant growth, number of branches, leaf area and biomass | [93] |
| Drought | Oryza sativa L. | ZnO | Increased plant height, fresh weight and dry weight | [94] |
| Drought | Linum usitatissimum L. | Fe2O3 | Enhanced growth parameters, such as shoot and root length and seed yield | [95] |
| Salt | Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. | Si | Retained fruit quality and size | [96] |
| Cadmium and drought stress | Triticum aestivum L. | Fe | Improved photosynthesis and yield | [97] |