Table 2.
Physiological changes under the influence of nanoparticles.
| Stress | Plant | Nanoparticle | Physiological Response of Plants under the Influence of Nanoparticles | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heavy metal (lead) | Coriandrum sativum L. | Si | Reduced MDA | [110] |
| Drought | Linum usitatissimum L. | Ti | Reduced chlorophyll damage, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation | [111] |
| Drought | Brassica napus L. | Fe | Reduced MDA production | [91] |
| Salt | Dracocephalumm oldavica L. | Ti | Enhanced nutrient uptake | [90] |
| Salt | Medicago sativa L. | K2SO4 | Reduced electrolyte leakage | [49] |
| Salt | Moringa oleifera Lam. | Fe3O4 | Improved photosynthesis and decreased lipid peroxidation | [93] |
| Salt | Triticum aestivum L. | Au | Improved nitrogen metabolism | [112] |
| Salt | Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench | Zn | Enhanced photosynthetic pigments | [113] |
| Drought | Linum usitatissimum L. | Fe2O3 | Reduced MDA and H2O2 accumulation | [95] |
| Drought | Oryza sativa L. | ZnO | Decreased lipid peroxidation | [94] |
| As stress | Hordeum vulgare L. | CaO | Enhanced Ca uptake, reduced As uptake and accumulation | [114] |