Table 1.

Comparison between tundish plasma heating technology and electromagnetic induction heating technology.

Comparison Items	Plasma Heating	Induction Heating
Heating power and efficiency	Power: 1000 kw, efficiency about 65%	Power 1000 kw, efficiency ≥ 90%
Temp accuracy	±5 °C	±2~3 °C
Pollution	Increase nitrogen content in molten steel	No pollution
Environmental effect	High noise and electromagnetic radiation	No noise and low electromagnetic radiation
Operational requirements	Complex and demanding operation	Simple operation
Equipment maintenance	Frequent replacement of cathode materials is required	Less maintenance
Operating expenses	High cost	Low cost