Table 1.

The summary of the clinical applications of neurotoxins (the “Indications” are found in the table).

Types of Neurotoxins	Trade Name (FDA Approved)	Indications (FDA Approved)		Clinical Applications	Reference
BoNT	Botox (BoNT/A) Xeomin (BoNT/A) Dysport (BoNT/A) Myobloc/Neurobloc (BoNT/B)	Botox	Overactive bladder (OAB) with symptoms of urge urinary; Urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition (e.g., spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS)) in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of anticholinergic medication; Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in pediatric patients 5 years of age and older who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of anticholinergic medication; Prophylaxis of headaches in adult patients with chronic migraine (≥15 days per month with headache lasting 4 h a day or longer); Spasticity in patients 2 years of age and older; Cervical dystonia in adult patients; Severe axillary hyperhidrosis that is inadequately managed by topical agents in adult patients; Blepharospasm associated with dystonia in patients 12 years of age and older; Strabismus in patients 12 years of age and older.	Dystonic muscle contractions Neuropathic pain Neuroinflammation Depression (under investigation) Skin diseases Headache	[164] [155,156,165,166] [167] [168] [158] [169]
		Xeomin	Chronic sialorrhea in patients 2 years of age and older; Upper limb spasticity in adults; Upper limb spasticity in pediatric patients 2 to 17 years of age, excluding spasticity caused by cerebral palsy; Cervical dystonia in adults; Blepharospasm in adults; Temporary improvement in the appearance of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines with corrugator and/or procerus muscle activity in adults.
		Dysport	Cervical dystonia in adults; Temporary improvement in the appearance of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines associated with procerus and corrugator muscle activity in adults < 65 years of age; Spasticity in patients 2 years of age and older.
		Myobloc/Neurobloc	Cervical dystonia to reduce the severity of abnormal head position and neck pain associated with cervical dystonia in adults; Chronic sialorrhea in adults.
TeNT				Improve the motor functions Carrier to deliver into the CNS	[170] [171]
α-LTX				Type I diabetes (expected)	[172]
Snake Presynaptic Neurotoxins				Anticancer Antibacterial Antinociception	[173] [174] [175]
ω-agatoxin				Modulate the nociceptive process	[176]
Conotoxins	Prialt™ (Ziconitide) (a form of ω-conotoxin MVIIA)	Management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal therapy is warranted and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatment, such as systemic analgesics, adjunctive therapies, or intrathecal morphine.		Chronic pain (cancer- or AIDS-related neuropathy) Spinal cord injury	[177] [178]
DTX				Diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (potential)	[179] [180]
Postsynaptic Neurotoxins	Cobratide			Disorders linked to NMJ dysfunction Anticancer Anti-inflammation Analgesic effect	[181] [182] [183] [183]