Table 5.
Effects of carbohydrase supplementation on plasma biochemistry in hybrid grouper fed different CHO:L ratios diets.
| Groups | CHO:L | Enzyme | TG (mmol/L) | TC (mmol/L) | GLU (mmol/mL) | INS (m U/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | 0.91 | 0.61 ± 0.04 d | 2.87 ± 0.08 d | 4.79 ± 0.09 b | 29.59 ± 0.70 a | |
| M | 1.92 | 0.49 ± 0.04 c | 1.79 ± 0.21 c | 6.10 ± 0.38 c | 38.86 ± 0.49 b | |
| H | 3.91 | 0.41 ± 0.06 abc | 1.14 ± 0.10 ab | 7.46 ± 0.17 d | 47.64 ± 2.25 cd | |
| LE | 0.91 | E | 0.49 ± 0.02 bc | 1.90 ± 0.03 c | 4.24 ± 0.25 b | 44.37 ± 1.41 c |
| ME | 1.92 | E | 0.39 ± 0.02 ab | 1.40 ± 0.16 b | 4.18 ± 0.58 b | 50.96 ± 1.71 d |
| HE | 3.91 | E | 0.31 ± 0.04 a | 0.89 ± 0.20 a | 3.10 ± 0.25 a | 58.34 ± 1.29 e |
| Means of main effect | ||||||
| L | 0.91 | 0.55 C | 2.39 C | 4.52 A | 36.98 A | |
| M | 1.92 | 0.44 B | 1.60 B | 5.14 B | 44.91 B | |
| H | 3.91 | 0.36 A | 1.02 A | 5.28 B | 52.99 C | |
| No | 0.50 X | 1.936 X | 6.11 X | 38.69 X | ||
| Have | 0.40 Y | 1.396 Y | 3.84 Y | 51.22 Y | ||
| Two-way ANOVA: p-values | ||||||
| CHO:L | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.004 | <0.001 | ||
| Enzyme | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| CHO:L*Enzyme | 0.791 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.081 | ||
Abbreviations: TG: triglycerides; TC: cholesterol; GLU: glucose; INS: insulin. Value was expressed as the means of three replications (n = 3). Average of different superscripts in the same column (a, b, c, d, etc. Or A, B, C, etc. Or X, Y) are significantly different (p < 0.05). (Dietary CHO:L ratio = A, B, C, etc.; Dietary carbohydrase = X, Y). L, M, and H represent CHO:L ratios of 0.91, 1.92 and 3.91, respectively. LE, ME, and HE represent CHO:L ratios of 0.91, 1.92, 3.91, respectively, supplemented with the same ratio of carbohydrase; “No” means no enzyme, “Have” and “E” means enzyme.