Table 4.
Human milk nutrient composition compared in different maternal BMI categories.
| Parameter | BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (n = 5) |
BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (n = 74) |
BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 (n = 51) |
BMI > 30 kg/m2 (n = 6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| True protein (g/100 mL) | 0.75 (±0.15) a,b | 1.10 (0.90–1.41) | 1.05 (0.90–1.40) | 1.06 (±0.25) c |
| Crude protein (g/100 mL) | 0.90 (±0.19) a,b | 1.30 (1.10–1.73) | 1.30 (1.10–1.70) | 1.31 (±0.27) c |
| Fat (g/100 mL) | 2.50 (±0.80) | 2.97 (±0.90) | 2.93 (±0.81) | 3.52 (±1.03) c |
| Carbohydrate (g/100 mL) | 7.51 (±0.23) | 7.80 (6.84–8.00) | 7.70 (7.15–8.00) | 7.57 (±0.41) |
| Energy (kcal/100 mL) | 57.10 (±8.26) | 62.96 (±10.23) | 63.54 (±9.00) | 68.25 (±11.55) |
| Total solids (g/100 mL) | 11.22 (±0.94) | 12.11 (±1.35) | 12.25 (±1.24) | 12.68 (±1.37) |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 14.22 (±3.37) a | 21.75 (14.98–26.40) | 18.80 (11.5–23.9) | 16.46 (±7.55) |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 0.019 (±0.03) b | 0.063 (0.000–0.203) | 0.195 (0.045–0.391) d | 0.182 (±0.111) c |
Results are presented as mean (±SD) or median (IQR). SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range. BMI: body mass index. Adinopectin and leptin (n = 121); all other parameters (n = 136). a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 versus BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 group, p < 0.05. b BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 versus BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 group, p < 0.01. c BMI > 30 kg/m2 versus BMI <18.5 kg/m2 group, p < 0.05. d BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 versus BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 group, p < 0.01.