Table 1.

Morphological characters of leaf and cypsela of Cichorium.

Attributes		1	2	3	4	5
Leaf	Shape	Spathulate	Spathulate	spathulate	obovate	oblancelate
	Type	Simple	Simple	simple	pinnately lobed	simple
	Petiole	Present	Present	absent	absent	present
	Margin	Dentate	fine dentate	dentate	dentate	fine dentate
	Apex	Obtuse	Obtuse	obtuse	obtuse	obtuse
	Midrib	Distinct	Distinct	distinct	indistinct	distinct
	Midrib color	White	White	white	green	white
	Lateral venation	Distinct	not distinct	distinct	indistinct	indistinct
	Base	Symmetrical	Symmetrical	symmetrical	symmetrical	symmetrical
	Venation	Reticulate	Reticulate	reticulate	reticulate	reticulate
	Surface	Glabrous	Glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous
	Stipule	Stipulate	Stipulate	stipulate	stipulate	stipulate
	Radical leaf	Present	Present	present	absent	present
Cypsela	Color	creamy shiny to black with creamy	creamy shiny to dark brown with creamy	creamy shiny to dark brown with creamy	pale creamy shiny to creamy with black point	creamy shiny with few dark brown point
	Shape	Oblong	oblong obovate	oblong	oblong	oblong obovate
	Length (mm)	2.6–3	2.6–3	2.3–3	2.4–3	1.7–2.25
	Width (mm)	0.96–1.2	1.15–1.3	1.2–1.3	1.1–1.5	1–1.3
	Size (L × W) (mm2)	2.8 × 1.1	2.8 × 1.2	2.7 × 1.25	2.7 × 1.3	2.4 × 1.1
	Texture	smooth with grooves	smooth with grooves	smooth with grooves	smooth with grooves	smooth with grooves
	Hilum shape	circular	circular	circular	circular	circular
	Surface pattern	sulcate papillate	sulcate papillate	weak sulcate papillate	ruminate- sulcate	weak ruminate sulcate papillate
	Anticlinal wall shape	Straight	Straight	straight	straight	straight
	Anticlinal walls	Raised	Raised	slightly raised	slightly raised	slightly raised
	Periclinal walls	Concave	Concave	slightly concave	slightly concave	slightly concave
	Gonal (number)	3–4	4	4–5	4–5	4–5
	Pappus bristles (type)	scabrous scales	scabrous scales	paleaceous scales to form crown	paleaceous scales to form crown	paleaceous scales to form crown
	Pappus persistence	Persistence	Persistence	persistence	persistence	persistence
	Pappus length	Short	Short	Long	Long	short

1- Cichorium intybus var. intybus, 2- Cichorium intybus var. foliosum, 3- Cichorium endivia var. endivia, 4- Cichorium endivia var. crispum, and 5- Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum.