Table 5.
Factors and items of Health Behavior Inventory.
| Factors and Items | Males (n = 60) | Females (n = 60) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Test M ± SD |
Post-Test M ± SD |
t-Value (p-Value) |
Pre-Test M ± SD |
Post-Test M ± SD |
t-Value (p-Value) |
|
| Factor 1: Healthy diet habit | 3.09 ± 0.28 | 4.02 ± 0.19 | −8.01 * (0.001) | 3.86 ± 0.21 | 4.16 ± 0.13 | −3.69 * (0.013) |
| 1. I control the amount of fat I eat. | 3.28 ± 0.26 | 4.16 ± 0.18 | −7.69 * (0.002) | 3.79 ± 0.26 | 4.14 ± 0.16 | −3.75 * (0.011) |
| 2. I control the amount of salt I eat. | 3.13 ± 0.29 | 4.01 ± 0.21 | −7.73 * (0.002) | 3.71 ± 0.28 | 4.13 ± 0.17 | −4.13 * (0.008) |
| 3. I avoid eating large amounts of sugar. | 3.15 ± 0.27 | 4.07 ± 0.16 | −8.87 * (0.001) | 3.85 ± 0.22 | 4.23 ± 0.11 | −4.22 * (0.007) |
| 4. I avoid chips and fried foods. | 2.81 ± 0.33 | 3.76 ± 0.25 | −8.95 * (0.001) | 3.96 ± 0.20 | 4.16 ± 0.15 | −3.18 * (0.015) |
| 5. I control the amount of red meat I eat. | 3.08 ± 0.34 | 4.09 ± 0.17 | −9.09 * (0.001) | 3.98 ± 0.19 | 4.12 ± 0.18 | −1.12 (0.102) |
| Factor 2: Proper use of health care resources | 3.11 ± 0.30 | 4.03 ± 0.19 | −8.65 * (0.001) | 3.11 ± 0.26 | 4.10 ± 0.16 | −9.68 * (0.001) |
| 6. I take the medicine according to the prescription. | 3.31 ± 0.27 | 4.09 ± 0.17 | −6.64 * (0.004) | 3.34 ± 0.22 | 4.11 ± 0.17 | −7.36 * (0.0011) |
| 7. I go to all my scheduled health care appointments. | 2.94 ± 0.31 | 3.87 ± 0.24 | −8.97 * (0.001) | 2.98 ± 0.31 | 3.98 ± 0.21 | −9.61 * (0.0003) |
| 8. I have dental exams every year. | 2.93 ± 0.33 | 3.91 ± 0.24 | −9.01 * (0.001) | 2.95 ± 0.34 | 3.95 ± 0.22 | −9.53 * (0.0003) |
| 9. I take prescription medication only as directed by a health care provider. | 3.19 ± 0.30 | 4.08 ± 0.19 | −8.14 * (0.001) | 3.18 ± 0.24 | 4.21 ± 0.12 | −10.12 * (0.0002) |
| 10. I take my blood pressure anytime. | 3.13 ± 0.32 | 4.09 ± 0.18 | −9.23 * (0.0005) | 3.08 ± 0.29 | 4.13 ± 0.16 | −10.24 * (0.0001) |
| 11. I ask a healthcare provider when I have unfamiliar physical symptoms. | 3.17 ± 0.31 | 4.15 ± 0.14 | −9.31 * (0.0004) | 3.15 ± 0.26 | 4.19 ± 0.14 | −10.16 * (0.0002) |
| Factor 3: Avoid strong emotions, tension and stress | 3.35 ± 0.22 | 3.87 ± 0.25 | −4.34 * (0.005) | 3.79 ± 0.25 | 4.00 ± 0.19 | −3.15 * (0.037) |
| 12. I get irritated and mad when waiting in lines. | 3.31 ± 0.25 | 3.87 ± 0.21 | −6.23 * (0.0017) | 3.74 ± 0.27 | 3.98 ± 0.21 | −3.19 * (0.018) |
| 13. I get angry and annoyed when I am caught in traffic. | 3.34 ± 0.23 | 3.85 ± 0.22 | −5.24 * (0.004) | 3.65 ± 0.29 | 3.92 ± 0.23 | −3.21 * (0.012) |
| 14. Things build up inside until I lose my temper. | 3.39 ± 0.22 | 3.89 ± 0.20 | −5.13 * (0.004) | 3.97 ± 0.24 | 4.11 ± 0.15 | −1.16 (0.17) |
| Factor 4: Regular physical activity | 2.95 ± 0.26 | 4.12 ± 0.16 | −11.41 * (0.0001) | 2.75 ± 0.28 | 4.05 ± 0.18 | −14.36 * (0.0001) |
| 15. I exercise at least three days a week for more than 30 min each time. | 2.56 ± 0.34 | 4.05 ± 0.23 | −18.42 * (0.0001) | 2.34 ± 0.37 | 4.01 ± 0.17 | −19.26 * (0.0001) |
| 16. I often have partner who exercises with me. | 3.11 ± 0.25 | 4.12 ± 0.18 | −10.17 * (0.0001) | 2.89 ± 0.26 | 4.08 ± 0.15 | −14.08 * (0.0001) |
| 17. When I am free, I think about being outdoors or exercise. | 3.17 ± 0.21 | 4.18 ± 0.17 | −10.23 * (0.0001) | 3.02 ± 0.24 | 4.05 ± 0.16 | −10.17 * (0.0001) |
| Factor 5: Avoid tobacco, alcohol and drug use | 3.14 ± 0.24 | 3.95 ± 0.17 | −7.81 * (0.0009) | 4.12 ± 0.13 | 4.22 ± 0.11 | −0.85 (0.34) |
| 18. I don’t smoke. | 3.01 ± 0.27 | 3.89 ± 0.19 | −8.58 * (0.0005) | 4.31 ± 0.11 | 4.44 ± 0.09 | −0.96 (0.21) |
| 19. I do not use recreational drugs. | 3.54 ± 0.21 | 4.11 ± 0.15 | 4.92 * (0.007) | 4.03 ± 0.17 | 4.12 ± 0.16 | −0.82 (0.33) |
| 20. I don’t use alcoholic beverages. | 2.87 ± 0.25 | 3.84 ± 0.20 | −9.81 * (0.0001) | 4.01 ± 0.19 | 4.09 ± 0.18 | −0.77 (0.39) |
* p < 0.05. Pre- and post-tests values presented as means ± standard deviations (M ± SD). t test value presented as t-value (p-value).