Table 3.

Factors associated with medication adherence ¹ among 343 diabetes patients at Dhulikhel hospital *.

Characteristics	Model 1			Model 2 **			Model 3 ***
	Bivariate Analysis			Adjusted for Sociodemographic Variables			Adjusted for Sociodemographic & Clinical History
	(n = 343)			(n = 343)			(n = 343)
	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value
Age, years	0.99	(0.97, 1.01)	0.28	0.99	(0.97, 1.01)	0.40	0.99	(0.97, 1.02)	0.73
Education
No formal education	Ref			Ref			Ref
Formal education	2.43	(1.55, 3.81)	<0.001	2.36	(1.32, 4.23)	<0.001	2.43	(1.34, 4.39)	0.003
Occupation
Unemployed	Ref			Ref			Ref
Employed	1.19	(0.76, 1.88)	0.44	0.71	(0.39, 1.29)	0.26	0.70	(0.38, 1.29)	0.25
Medicine intake duration, Years (nat.log)	1.00	(0.95, 1.04)	0.85	-	-	-	0.91	(0.73, 1.13)	0.41
Attendance diabetes counseling
No	Ref						Ref
Yes	1.78	(1.14, 2.79)	0.01	-	-	-	1.76	(1.02, 3.04)	0.04
Diabetes medicine types
Only OHA	Ref						Ref
Insulin or Insulin with OHA	1.34	(0.73, 2.47)	0.35	-	-	-	1.28	(0.60,2.73)	0.52

* Dependent variable: Medication adherence (high adherence and moderate/low adherence). ** Model 2 adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (age, education, and occupation);*** Model 3 adjusted for sociodemographic characteristic and clinical characteristics (age, education, occupation, medicine intake duration (natural log), attendance of diabetes counselling and types of diabetes medicines). ¹ The MMAS (8-item) content, name, and trademarks are protected by US copyright and trademark laws. Permission for use of the scale and its coding is required. A license agreement is available from Donald E. Morisky, ScD, ScM, MSPH, MMAS Research LLC.; donald.morisky@moriskyscale.com.