Table 2.

The most common chromosomal alterations and their associated genes are involved in carcinoma to metastatic progression. Liver and lung tend to be the most common metastatic sites and are also characterized by different gains and losses.

Copy Number Alterations	Associated Gene	Metastatic Site	Reference
Gain of 1q	TGFB2	Liver metastasis	[39]
Gain of 3p	TGFBR2 CTNNB1 FHIT	Liver metastasis Liver metastasis Liver metastasis	[36]
Gain 3q	CBLB KALRN PIK3CA	Liver metastasis Liver metastasis Liver metastasis	[36]
Gain 5p		Lung metastasis	[36]
Gain 6p		Liver metastasis	[13,35]
Gain 8p	FGFR1	Liver metastasis	[36]
Gain 11p		Liver metastasis	[39]
Gain 11q	MCAM	Liver metastasis	[39]
Gain 12p		Liver metastasis	[39]
Gain 13q	CDK8	Liver metastasis	[36]
Gain 17q	ERBB2	Liver metastasis	[36]
Gain Xq			[35]
Loss 14q		Liver metastasis	[35,39]
Loss 16p	RBFOX1	Liver metastasis	[36]
Loss 17p		Liver metastasis	[38]
Loss 22q		Liver metastasis	[35,38]