Figure 8.
Forest plot summarizing the quantitative meta-analysis comparing the LC50s, as toxicity endpoints, in papers assessing the insecticidal activity of phytochemicals. The meta-analysis is divided into modes of exposure and phytochemical group. Concentrations (ppm) were transformed by natural logarithm. The average LC50s are denoted by boxes (horizontal lines), and the box size refers to the number of populations reported for the phytochemical group; the 95% CIs are represented by horizontal lines. The combined LC50 estimate for overall trends is represented by a diamond, where the diamond width corresponds to 95% CI bounds. The vertical dashed line shows the overall estimated effect resulting from all species. The p-values for the heterogeneity test are indicated (number of papers = 84).