Effect of SIN administration on the AR signaling pathway in BPH-1 cells. (A) Effects of SIN treatment on expression of AR signaling pathway-related proteins. Protein quantification for (B) SRD5A2, (C) AR, (D) PSA, (E) PCNA, (F) iNOS, and (G) mTOR versus β-tubulin. (H) DHT level in cell supernatants. Data are the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 versus the control group. SIN, sinomenine hydrochloride; SRD5A2, steroid 5-alpha reductase 2; AR, androgen receptor; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; DHT, dihydrotestosterone.