Table 1.

Fungi known as nematophagous and P solubilizers.

Type of Fungi	Fungi	Structure Involved	Substance That Is Solubilized	Solubilization Mechanism	Reference
Predatory	Arthrobotrys oligospora	Adhesive networks	Phosphate rock	pH of the culture medium.	[58]
	Arthrobotrys conoides and Duddingtonia flagrans	Adhesive networks Adhesive networks	Tricalcium, zinc, and aluminum phosphate phosphate rock	pH of the culture medium. Production of organic acids	[56]
	Duddingtonia flagrans	Adhesive networks	Phosphorus	-	[2,3]
Nematode egg-parasitic	Pochonia chlamydosporia	Appressoria and hyphae	Phosphorus	Phosphatases and organic acids	[3,62,63]
	Purpureocillium variotii	Toxic metabolites	Phosphorus	Siderophores and pH of the culture medium	[68]
	Purpureocillium hepiali	Toxic metabolites	Phosphate	pH of the culture medium	[67]
	Purpureocillium lilacinum	Toxic metabolites	Calcium and iron phosphate	pH of the culture medium and organic acids	[83]
Toxin producing	Piriformospora indica	Metabolites	Organic and inorganic phosphorus	pH of the culture medium	[73,75,84]
	Pleurotus ostreatus	Toxins	Phosphate rock	Organic acids: tartaric, malic, citric, lactic, succinic and four unknown acids	[71,85]
Filamentous fungi with indetermined nematophagous mechanism	Trichoderma harzianum	Hydrolytic enzymes	Calcium phosphate	pH of the culture medium, production of chelating metabolites, and redox activity	[26]
	Trichoderma asperellum	Hydrolytic enzymes	Monopotassium phosphate Phytate Phosphate rock	pH of the culture medium and organic anions	[86]
	Trichoderma spp.	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate	Organic acids	[87]
	Aspergillus niger, Penicillium canescens, Eupenicillium ludwigii, and Penicillium islandicum	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate rock	pH of the culture medium, acids: oxalic, citric, and gluconic	[31]
	Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Mucor, Ovularopsis, Tritirachium, and Geotrichum	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate rock Tricalcium phosphate	Acids: fumaric, acetic, gluconic, lactic, and succinic	[29]
	Penicillium expansum, Mucor ramosissimus, and Candida krissii	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate rock	Acids: citric, oxalic, and gluconic	[79]
	Penicillium guanacastense	Hydrolytic enzymes	Organic and inorganic phosphorus	Acids: gluconic, oxalic, lactic, and malonic	[32]
	Penicillium bilaji and Penicillium cf.fuscum	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate rock	Organic acids	[30]
	Aspergillus niger	Hydrolytic enzymes	Various forms of soluble P calcium iron aluminum phosphate	Acids: gluconic, oxalic, tartaric	[14,33]
	Aspergillus aculeatus	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate rock	pH of the culture medium	[88]
	Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, and Alternaria alternata	Hydrolytic enzymes	Calcium phosphate	Organic acids	[89]
	Aspergillus tubingensis	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate rock	pH of the culture medium	[90]
	Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger	Hydrolytic enzymes	Tricalcium phosphate	Organic acids	[91]
	Penicillium bilaii	Hydrolytic enzymes	Calcium phosphate	Acids: citric and oxalic	[92]
	Aspergillus niger and Penicillium italicum	Hydrolytic enzymes	Tricalcium phosphate	pH of the culture medium	[93]
	Penicillium oxalicum, Trichoderma virens, and Aspergillus	Hydrolytic enzymes	Insoluble tricalcium phosphate, soluble dipotassium hydrogen phosphate	pH of the culture medium and organic acids	[94]
	Penicillium	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate	pH of the culture medium	[95]
	Penicillium oxalicum	Hydrolytic enzymes	Phosphate	Organic acids	[96]
	Paecilomyces, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Gongronella	Hydrolytic enzymes	Calcium phosphate Iron phosphate		[78]