Table 1.

The summary of the aptamers and aptasensors developed against various parasites.

Target Organism		Target Protein	Aptamer Name	Aptasensor Type	Limit of Detection (LOD)	Reference
Plasmodium spp.	P. falciparum	PfLDH	2008s	Electrochemical	0.84 pM	[40]
					1.0 pM	[41]
				Optical/Colorimetric	57 pg/uL	[42]
				APTEC Optical/Colorimetric	14 ± 6 fmol	[43]
					5 ng/mL (syringe test) 50 ng/mL (well test)	[44]
					0.001% parasitemia	[45]
					N/A	[46]
				FRET-based	N/A	[47]
				Fluorescence	0.20 nM	[48]
					10 amol	[49]
					30 fM	[50]
			P38	Electrochemical	0.5 fM	[51]
				Optical/Colorimetric	281 ± 11 pM	[52]
		PfGDH	NG3	Optical Fiber	352 pM	[53]
				Electrochemical	0.77 pM	[52]
				FRET-based	2.85 nM	[54]
		HRP-II	B4	Electrochemical	3.15 pM	[55]
	P.vivax P. falciparum	pLDH (PfLDH/PvLDH)	pL1	Electrochemical	108.5 fM (PvLDH) 120.1 fM (PfLDH)	[56]
				Optical/Colorimetric	8.3 pM (PvLDH) 10.3 pM (PfLDH)	[57]
					1.25 pM (PvLDH) 2.94 (PfLDH)	[58]
		pLDH	N/A	FRET-based	550 pM	[59,60]
Leishmania spp.	L. infantum	LiKMP-11	SELK10	Electrochemical	2.27 uM	[61]
	L. major	rHSP	LmWC-35R LmHSP-7b/11R	Fluorescence	50 ng/mL in sandfly homogenate	[62]
Trypanosoma spp.	T. cruzi	TESA	Apt-L44	ELA assay	N/A	[63]
			Apt-29/Apt-71			[64]
	T. brucei	VSG	cl57	Electrochemical	10.0 pM	[65]
Cryptosporidium spp.	C. parvum	Whole oocysts	Min_Crypto1 Min_Crypto2	Fluorescence	10 whole oocysts in wastewater	[66]
			R4-6	Electrochemical	100 whole oocysts in fruit juice homogenate	[67]
					50 oocysts in recreational and drinking water samples	[68]
Toxoplasma spp.	T. gondii	ROP18 protein	AP001 and AP002	Colorimetric	1.56 ug/mL in human serum	[69]
		SAG1 Protein	aptamer-2		N/A	[70]
		Antitoxoplasma IgG	TGA6 and TGA7	Fluorescence	0.1 IU	[71]
Trichomonas spp.	T. vaginalis	AP65	AP65_A1	ELA assay	32 pM	[72]
Schistosoma spp.	S. japonicum	S. japonicum whole eggs	LC-6 LC-15	N/A	N/A	[73]